The tradition of designating a state bird connects a specific avian species with the unique natural heritage and identity of a particular region. These selections often reflect the bird’s prevalence, historical significance, or notable characteristics within that state’s landscape. Many states embrace this practice, choosing birds that embody their environment or cultural values, fostering appreciation for local wildlife and ecosystems.
Pennsylvania’s State Bird and Its Designation
Pennsylvania’s official state bird is the Ruffed Grouse, scientifically known as Bonasa umbellus. It was designated on June 22, 1931, as a symbol of the Commonwealth’s natural landscape. Prior to its formal adoption as the state bird, the Ruffed Grouse was recognized as Pennsylvania’s official state game bird.
The selection of the Ruffed Grouse was influenced by several factors. It is widely distributed across Pennsylvania’s forested regions, making it a familiar sight in many parts of the state. Its status as a popular game bird also played a role in its recognition, as it had historically been an important food source for early settlers. The distinctive drumming sound produced by the male Ruffed Grouse further contributed to its recognition. The official designation was formalized through legislative action, specifically Act No. 234 of 1931.
Key Characteristics and Natural Behavior
The Ruffed Grouse is a medium-sized bird, measuring between 16 and 20 inches in length and weighing 0.99 to 1.65 pounds, with a wingspan ranging from 20 to 25 inches. Its plumage features patterns of dark bars and spots on a grayish or reddish-brown background, providing effective camouflage. A distinct fan-shaped tail with a broad black band near the tip is a notable feature, along with a short, triangular crest and dark ruff-like feathers on its neck.
Ruffed Grouse prefer dense forests, mixed woodlands, and brushy areas, particularly young forests, which offer abundant food and cover. They are non-migratory, remaining in Pennsylvania year-round within their established territories. This bird’s diet is omnivorous, consisting of buds, leaves, berries, seeds, and insects, adapting its food sources seasonally.
A characteristic behavior of the male Ruffed Grouse is its “drumming” display, primarily used to attract mates and mark territory. This sound is produced by the bird rapidly beating its wings against the air while standing on a fallen log, creating a low-frequency thumping sound that resembles a distant engine starting. Drumming occurs throughout the year, with increased frequency during the spring breeding season.