The Skene gland is a part of female anatomy that plays a role in the urogenital system. It contributes to both urinary and sexual health, yet it remains misunderstood by many.
Anatomy and Location
The Skene gland, also known as the paraurethral gland or lesser vestibular glands, consists of two small ducts situated on either side of the urethra, at its lower end. These glands are located within the vestibule of the vulva, the area visible when the inner labia are spread apart. Although present in all biological females, they are typically not visible to the naked eye due to their small size, comparable to a small blueberry. The ducts of the Skene gland open near the urethral meatus, allowing for the secretion of fluid. Anatomically, these glands are considered homologous to the male prostate gland, meaning they develop from the same embryonic tissues. This shared developmental origin has led some to refer to the Skene gland as the “female prostate.”
Physiological Role
The Skene gland has several proposed physiological functions within the female body. It is a secretory gland, producing a fluid that contributes to lubrication, particularly around the urethral opening. This fluid is thought to facilitate the smooth passage of urine and may also help prevent the spread of bacteria, thereby contributing to urinary tract health. Beyond lubrication, the fluid secreted by the Skene gland is believed to possess antimicrobial properties, which can help protect against infections. During sexual arousal, the tissues surrounding the Skene glands swell due to increased blood flow, and the glands secrete a mucus-like substance that aids in vaginal lubrication during intercourse.
Connection to Female Ejaculation
The Skene gland has a historical and ongoing association with female ejaculation, a phenomenon characterized by the expulsion of fluid from the urethra during sexual activity, often at orgasm. Scientific understanding suggests that the fluid expelled during female ejaculation largely originates from the Skene gland. This fluid is distinct from urine, containing different chemical markers such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase, glucose, and fructose, while having lower concentrations of creatinine and urea typically found in urine.
The glands secrete a small amount, typically a few milliliters, of a thick, milky fluid. It is important to note that female ejaculation is considered a normal physiological variation, and not all women experience it. The term “squirting” is often colloquially used interchangeably with female ejaculation, but research indicates that squirting involves a larger volume of fluid, often from the bladder, which is primarily diluted urine, differentiating it from the smaller, specialized ejaculate from the Skene gland.
Associated Conditions
While generally not a source of frequent problems, the Skene gland can be affected by certain medical conditions. The most common issues include infections and the formation of cysts. An infection of the Skene gland is termed skenitis, which can cause symptoms such as swollen and sore glands, painful urination, frequent urges to urinate, and discomfort during sexual activity. Skenitis can sometimes be mistaken for a urinary tract infection (UTI) due to similar symptoms.
Skene’s duct cysts can develop if the gland’s ducts become blocked, leading to a buildup of fluid. These cysts are usually benign and often small, sometimes causing no symptoms. Larger cysts, however, may cause a noticeable lump, pain during sex or urination, or even obstruct the flow of urine. Treatment for skenitis typically involves antibiotics, while cysts may require drainage or surgical removal if they become problematic or infected.