The Romanian tradition of Pomana is a deeply rooted custom within Romanian Orthodox Christianity. It involves memorial meals and offerings, serving as a heartfelt act of remembrance for those who have passed away. This practice reflects a profound belief in the enduring connection between the living and the dead, aiming to assist the deceased on their journey in the afterlife.
Understanding Pomana
Pomana is a charitable act of almsgiving intended to benefit the soul of a departed loved one in the afterlife. The term, derived from Old Church Slavonic, translates to “charity” or “alms” in Romanian, emphasizing the selfless nature of the offering. Within Romanian Orthodoxy, the theological basis for pomana centers on the belief that prayers and good deeds performed by the living can intercede on behalf of the departed. This practice provides a means for families to continue supporting their deceased relatives spiritually.
The act of offering pomana signifies a continuity of care and connection between the earthly realm and the spiritual one. It embodies the principles of remembrance and intercession, reinforcing the idea that death does not sever the bonds of love and faith. Through these offerings, families express their hope for the deceased’s spiritual well-being and their peaceful transition. The tradition underscores a communal responsibility to honor and support those who have left this world, ensuring their memory is cherished.
When Pomana is Observed
Pomana is traditionally observed at specific intervals following a person’s passing, aligning with the Romanian Orthodox liturgical calendar. A memorial meal, often referred to as a “pomana,” is typically held after the funeral as an initial offering. Subsequently, memorial services, known as parastas, are conducted at various significant times: the 3rd day, 9th day, 40th day, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and the 1-year anniversary of death. These timings are deeply symbolic within Orthodox beliefs regarding the soul’s progression after death.
Beyond these fixed post-mortem dates, pomana is also offered annually on the anniversary of the passing, and often for several years thereafter. The practice extends to major religious holidays throughout the year, particularly during “Ancestors’ Saturdays” (Sâmbetele Morților), Great Lent, and Pentecost, when collective memorial services are held for all departed souls. While these specific dates are customary, families may also choose to offer pomana at other times of personal significance, such as birthdays or name days of the deceased, demonstrating a continuous spiritual connection.
How Pomana is Prepared and Offered
The preparation and offering of pomana involve specific customs and traditional items, reflecting deep care and devotion. A central element is coliva, a dish made from boiled wheat grains sweetened with sugar or honey and often mixed with walnuts. This symbolizes the resurrection and the cyclical nature of life, while the wheat represents the deceased’s body and the hope for spiritual rebirth. Along with coliva, other items commonly prepared include sweet bread (such as colac or cozonac), wine, and various cooked foods or pastries that the departed enjoyed.
Families meticulously prepare these offerings, often involving multiple generations in the process. Once prepared, the items are typically brought to the church for a blessing during a memorial service. During this service, the priest reads the names of the departed, and prayers are offered for their souls. Following the church ceremony, the blessed food and drinks are distributed to relatives, friends, neighbors, and particularly to those in need. This act of sharing embodies the charitable aspect of pomana, with recipients often saying, “May it be for the soul of…” in acknowledgement.
The Deeper Meaning of Pomana
Pomana carries profound spiritual and communal significance within Romanian culture. It serves as a powerful mechanism for reinforcing community bonds, as the preparation and distribution of offerings bring families, friends, and neighbors together in a shared act of remembrance. This collective participation provides comfort to grieving families, transforming personal sorrow into a communal expression of support and solidarity. The act of giving to others, especially the less fortunate, encourages a deep sense of charity and compassion, extending the spiritual benefits of the offering to a wider circle.
Pomana also maintains a spiritual connection with the departed, upholding the Orthodox belief in the communion of saints—the living and the dead united in Christ. Through these acts of remembrance, families ensure that their loved ones are not forgotten, fostering an intergenerational link that preserves memory and heritage. The importance of pomana in Romanian life reflects values of devotion, generosity, and the continuous spiritual journey of souls.