Coronal polishing is a routine dental procedure focused on cleaning and shining the visible surfaces of teeth. This technique involves using a low-speed handpiece with a rubber cup or brush and an abrasive paste to remove deposits. It is a common part of general oral care, aiming to leave teeth feeling smooth and clean.
Core Goals of Coronal Polishing
One primary objective of coronal polishing is the removal of extrinsic stains, which are discolorations on the tooth surface caused by external factors like coffee, tea, tobacco, or certain foods. The abrasive action of the polishing paste effectively lifts these stains, leading to a brighter appearance. This process enhances the aesthetic appeal of the teeth.
The procedure also aims to create a smooth tooth surface, which makes it more difficult for new plaque and calculus deposits to adhere. A smooth surface reduces the areas where bacteria can accumulate, thereby contributing to better oral hygiene.
Coronal polishing can also prepare teeth for various dental procedures, such as the placement of sealants or orthodontic bands and brackets. A clean, smooth surface allows dental materials to bond more effectively. While historically believed to enhance fluoride uptake, current scientific understanding indicates that polishing is not necessary for improved fluoride absorption.
When Coronal Polishing is Recommended
Coronal polishing is typically performed after a dental scaling procedure, also known as prophylaxis, to remove any remaining soft deposits and polish the tooth surfaces. It is a common component of a routine dental cleaning appointment.
The procedure is also recommended for patients who exhibit visible extrinsic stains that are not easily removed by regular brushing. For instance, light plaque and stain on the crown portion of the tooth are indications for polishing. Dental professionals often decide whether to perform coronal polishing based on the individual patient’s needs, rather than as a universal requirement for every visit.
Coronal polishing can also be performed to prepare tooth surfaces before specific treatments, such as the placement of dental dams or the selection of a tooth shade guide for restorations. It helps remove temporary cement residues, ensuring a clean surface for subsequent dental work.
Understanding the Limitations
Coronal polishing is primarily a cosmetic and preventive procedure, not a therapeutic treatment for underlying dental issues. It does not treat gum disease or remove calculus (hardened plaque) that has formed below the gumline. A thorough dental prophylaxis, performed by a dentist or hygienist, is necessary for complete calculus removal.
This technique is ineffective against intrinsic stains, which are discolorations that originate from within the tooth structure. Examples of intrinsic stains include those caused by certain medications like tetracycline or trauma to the tooth. Polishing only addresses surface-level extrinsic stains.
Excessive or improper coronal polishing can potentially lead to minor tooth sensitivity or wear on the enamel. Using an unnecessarily coarse abrasive paste or applying too much pressure can remove a small amount of the tooth’s outer layer. Therefore, dental professionals typically employ selective polishing, targeting only areas with visible stains to minimize unnecessary abrasion.