A small fold of tissue inside the mouth connects the lip to the gum. This anatomical feature serves a specific purpose within oral structure. Understanding this tissue can provide insight into its function and potential implications for oral health.
What is the Labial Frenum?
The tissue connecting the lip to the gum is known as the labial frenum, also called the labial frenulum. It is a fold of mucous membrane, appearing as a thin band of tissue inside the mouth.
There are two labial frenums. The maxillary labial frenum connects the upper lip to the gum between the two front upper teeth. The mandibular labial frenum connects the lower lip to the gum between the two front lower teeth.
The Role of the Frenum
The labial frenum plays a role in stabilizing the lip and restricting its excessive movement. This stabilization helps to maintain the proper positioning of the lip relative to the gum and teeth. In most individuals, the frenum performs its function without causing any noticeable issues or discomfort.
This anatomical structure also contributes to oral motor functions, such as speaking and eating, by guiding and limiting lip motion. It represents a normal component of the oral cavity’s complex design. For the majority of people, the frenum remains an inconspicuous part of their oral anatomy.
Common Issues and Their Solutions
One common issue associated with the maxillary labial frenum is the presence of a diastema, which is a gap between the two upper front teeth. A thick or prominently attached frenum can extend between these teeth, preventing them from coming together naturally. This condition can impact dental alignment and aesthetics.
A high or tight labial frenum can also contribute to gum recession. When the frenum attaches too close to the gum line, it can exert a pulling force on the gum tissue during lip movement, potentially leading to the gum receding from the tooth surface. This recession can expose the tooth root and make oral hygiene challenging, increasing the risk of plaque accumulation and gum inflammation.
A severely restrictive labial frenum might affect speech articulation, though this is more commonly associated with the lingual frenum under the tongue.
Trauma to the labial frenum is also possible, particularly in infants or young children during falls, or in athletes during contact sports. A tear in the frenum can cause bleeding and discomfort, but it typically heals without long-term complications.
When a problematic frenum requires intervention, a common solution is a surgical procedure called a frenectomy. This outpatient procedure involves excising or repositioning the frenum to eliminate its restrictive pull or allow teeth to close. It is often performed by an oral surgeon or periodontist and can significantly improve oral health and dental alignment.