“Period flu” is an informal term describing premenstrual symptoms that resemble those of the common flu. These symptoms are not caused by a virus and are not contagious. Instead, they represent a physiological response to hormonal shifts experienced by many individuals in the days leading up to their menstrual period.
Common Symptoms
“Period flu” symptoms often mirror those of a viral infection, creating a feeling of general unwellness. Individuals frequently report fatigue, body aches, and muscle pain.
Headaches are a frequent complaint, sometimes accompanied by dizziness. Digestive upset can manifest as either diarrhea or constipation. Some individuals may also experience chills or a low-grade fever. These symptoms typically emerge in the days or up to two weeks before menstruation begins.
Hormonal Influences
The biological basis for “period flu” symptoms lies in the dynamic changes of reproductive hormones throughout the menstrual cycle. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, progesterone levels rise while estrogen levels initially drop, then slowly rise before declining sharply if pregnancy does not occur. This rapid decrease in estrogen and progesterone just before menstruation influences various bodily systems.
These hormonal fluctuations can impact neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, which plays a role in mood, sleep, and energy levels. A decline in estrogen can lead to a reduction in serotonin, potentially contributing to fatigue and mood changes. Furthermore, these hormonal shifts can influence inflammatory pathways in the body. For instance, the release of prostaglandins, hormone-like compounds that stimulate uterine contractions and can increase inflammation, is heightened during this time, contributing to symptoms like pain, nausea, and even a low-grade fever.
Strategies for Relief
Managing the discomfort associated with “period flu” often involves a combination of self-care practices and over-the-counter remedies. Prioritizing rest is highly recommended, aiming for 7 to 9 hours of quality sleep each night to help the body recover. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water and other fluids can help alleviate headaches and prevent dehydration, particularly if experiencing digestive upset.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen, can effectively reduce muscle aches, headaches, and general body pain by lowering prostaglandin production. Applying heat therapy, such as a heating pad or warm bath, to the abdomen and lower back can also provide relief for cramps and muscle soreness. Dietary adjustments may also be beneficial; some individuals find relief by avoiding caffeine, excessive sugar, and highly processed foods, while increasing intake of anti-inflammatory foods like ginger can help with nausea and muscle pain. Stress reduction techniques, such as meditation or gentle exercise, can also contribute to overall well-being during this time. If symptoms are severe, debilitating, or unusual, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.