The PCV15 vaccine (Vaxneuvance) protects individuals against specific bacterial infections. It stimulates the body’s immune system to fight off certain strains of bacteria that can cause serious illness. This vaccine is one of several used to prevent diseases caused by pneumococcal bacteria.
Protection Offered by PCV 15
The PCV15 vaccine provides protection against infections caused by 15 specific types, or serotypes, of the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. This bacterium is responsible for a range of illnesses, from milder conditions like ear and sinus infections to more severe and potentially life-threatening diseases.
The vaccine helps protect against serious conditions such as pneumonia, which is an infection of the lungs, and bacteremia, a bloodstream infection. It also offers protection against meningitis, an infection of the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord. The “15-valent” in its name directly refers to the 15 distinct serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria it targets, which include serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F.
Who Should Receive PCV 15
PCV15 vaccination is recommended for specific age groups and individuals with certain health conditions. Infants and young children are routinely vaccinated, typically receiving a series of four doses at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age.
Adults also benefit from PCV15, particularly those 65 years and older. The vaccine is also advised for individuals aged 19 to 64 years who have certain underlying medical conditions, such as chronic heart, lung, or kidney disease, diabetes, or weakened immune systems. Healthcare providers assess an individual’s health history and risk factors to determine the most appropriate vaccination schedule.
Comparing PCV 15 to Other Vaccines
PCV15 (Vaxneuvance) is one of several pneumococcal vaccines available. Other commonly used pneumococcal vaccines include PCV13 (Prevnar 13), PPSV23 (Pneumovax 23), and PCV20 (Prevnar 20).
PCV15 protects against 15 serotypes, including those in PCV13, plus two additional serotypes (22F and 33F). PCV20 expands coverage further, protecting against 20 serotypes, which includes all those in PCV13 and seven additional ones. PPSV23, a polysaccharide vaccine, covers 23 serotypes, some of which are not included in conjugate vaccines.
Healthcare providers consider an individual’s age, medical history, and previous vaccination status when deciding which vaccine or combination is most suitable. For instance, adults 65 years or older who have not received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine may receive either PCV20 alone or PCV15 followed by a dose of PPSV23 at least one year later. For those who previously received PCV13, a dose of PCV20 may be recommended one year after the last PCV13 dose, or alternatively, PPSV23.
Safety and Potential Side Effects
The PCV15 vaccine has a favorable safety profile, with most side effects being mild and temporary. Common reactions at the injection site can include pain, redness, or swelling. These local reactions typically resolve within a few days.
Other side effects may include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headache, and joint pain. In infants, fussiness, drowsiness, or reduced appetite can also occur. Serious allergic reactions are rare; individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to any vaccine component or diphtheria toxoid should discuss this with their healthcare provider. Report any bothersome or unusual symptoms to a healthcare professional.