The “P190 pill” typically refers to a medication identified by the imprint “IP 190” on its surface. This marking is commonly found on 500 mg tablets of naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Naproxen is available both by prescription and over-the-counter, primarily used for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. While “P190” can also refer to a scientific protein (p190Bcr-Abl oncogenic protein in leukemias), in the context of a “pill,” it denotes this pharmaceutical product.
Understanding Its Purpose
The P190 pill, which is naproxen, primarily alleviates pain and reduces inflammation throughout the body. This medication is frequently prescribed for chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, helping to manage symptoms like swelling, stiffness, and joint pain. It provides symptomatic relief, improving comfort and function, but does not cure these conditions.
Naproxen also treats acute painful conditions. These include bursitis (inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs near joints) and tendonitis (inflammation of tendons). It is also effective for acute gout attacks, menstrual cramps, and general muscle aches, strains, and sprains.
How It Works
Naproxen functions by inhibiting specific enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2). These enzymes produce prostaglandins, lipid compounds central to the body’s inflammatory response. Prostaglandins contribute to the pain, swelling, and fever associated with inflammation.
By blocking COX enzymes, naproxen reduces the synthesis of these pain and inflammation-inducing prostaglandins. This action decreases inflammation, lessens pain, and lowers fever. The mechanism is a systemic effect, meaning it works throughout the body where inflammation or pain signals are present.
Guidance for Use
Naproxen is typically taken orally with water. To minimize stomach upset, it is often recommended with food or milk. Dosage varies by condition and specific formulation.
For many arthritic conditions, adults might start with 250 mg to 500 mg, taken twice daily. For acute pain or menstrual cramps, an initial 500 mg dose is common, followed by 250 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed. The typical maximum daily dose is 1250 mg to 1375 mg. Always use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary.
Important Considerations
Naproxen carries safety considerations. Like other NSAIDs, it can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including heart attack and stroke, especially with long-term use or in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions. It should not be used immediately before or after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
Gastrointestinal issues, such as stomach bleeding, ulcers, or perforation, are also potential serious side effects. The risk is higher for older adults or those with a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding. Common side effects include indigestion, heartburn, nausea, headache, and dizziness. Seek medical attention for symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, severe stomach pain, or unusual bleeding.