The nose bridge, formally known as the nasal dorsum, is the prominent, elevated structure that defines the nose’s shape in profile. It represents the upper portion of the nose, beginning where the forehead meets the face and extending downward toward the tip. This structure provides the initial projection and contours that define the appearance of the central face.
The Anatomy of the Nose Bridge
The nose bridge is primarily a bony structure, forming the rigid foundation of the entire nose. This upper third of the external nose is constructed mainly from the paired nasal bones, which meet in the center of the face, forming the internasal suture.
The nasal bones connect superiorly to the frontal bone of the skull (the forehead bone). Laterally, the bridge extends toward the inner corners of the eyes, known as the medial canthi. The point where the nasal bones end marks the transition from the hard, bony upper bridge to the softer, middle portion of the nose.
At this transition point, the bony structure gives way to the upper lateral cartilages, which continue the line of the bridge toward the nasal tip. The bony and cartilaginous elements are covered by skin, which varies in thickness among individuals and influences the nose’s final appearance.
Understanding Nose Bridge Variations
The height, width, and contour of the nose bridge vary significantly across the human population due to genetic and environmental factors. These variations are often described using terms like high, low, wide, or narrow bridges. A high nasal bridge projects far from the face, often beginning close to the forehead.
In contrast, a low nasal bridge appears flatter and less projected, causing the nose to look less defined in profile. This flatter profile, sometimes described as a low root, is common in certain East Asian and African populations. The width of the nasal bridge is also genetically determined, resulting in either a narrow, slender structure or a broader one.
Specific shapes characterize the bridge’s profile. A convex bridge features a slight outward curve, sometimes called a Roman or aquiline shape. Conversely, a concave bridge curves slightly inward, creating a gentle, scooped contour often called a ski-slope shape. These differences are thought to be evolutionary adaptations; for example, higher, narrower bridges are more frequent in populations from colder climates, potentially helping to warm and humidify inhaled air.
Practical Implications of Nose Bridge Shape
The specific shape of the nose bridge has direct consequences beyond aesthetics, particularly regarding practical function and medical procedures. The height and width of the bridge are the primary factors determining the proper fit of eyewear, including prescription glasses and sunglasses. A bridge that is too narrow can cause discomfort, while a bridge that is too low allows glasses to slide down the face.
Eyewear manufacturers have developed different bridge styles, such as “Asian fit” or “low bridge fit,” featuring higher nose pads or different bridge angles. These designs accommodate flatter profiles and prevent frames from resting on the cheeks. In the medical field, the nose bridge is a frequent target for cosmetic and reconstructive procedures like rhinoplasty.
Reshaping the bridge, whether by reducing a dorsal hump or augmenting a low bridge, is a common goal of the surgery. Altering the nasal bones and cartilage is a delicate process requiring significant healing time. Patients are advised to avoid wearing glasses for several weeks after surgery to prevent pressure on the newly shaped bone and cartilage.
Airflow and Function
Though the bridge’s main role is structural support, its position and contour also subtly influence the overall architecture of the nasal airway, impacting how efficiently air flows through the nose.