State symbols represent a region’s unique identity, heritage, and natural resources. New Jersey has adopted a floral emblem to serve as a recognizable mark of its natural character. The history behind the selection of the Garden State’s flower involved decades of informal use before reaching an official designation.
Identifying New Jersey’s State Flower
New Jersey’s designated floral symbol is the Common Meadow Violet, scientifically known as Viola sororia. This specific species is the accepted representation for the state, though it is often simply referred to as the Violet. The plant is a low-growing perennial herb, known for its deep green, heart-shaped leaves that sprout directly from the base in a small rosette.
The flowers of Viola sororia are small, typically measuring about three-quarters of an inch across, and feature five delicate petals. These blossoms most commonly display shades of purple or blue-violet, though white variations can also occur. Darker veins often radiate from the center, serving as a nectar guide for emerging pollinators in the early spring.
The History of Selection and Official Designation
The recognition of the Violet as a regional symbol predates its formal legislative adoption by many years. An initial attempt to designate the flower occurred in 1913 when the State Legislature passed a joint resolution. However, this early designation was temporary and the resolution expired at the beginning of the next legislative session, leaving the Violet’s status uncertain.
Despite this legislative lapse, the Violet remained a widely accepted, unofficial floral symbol. Support for official designation grew from grassroots efforts, including civics lessons in schools and campaigns championed by New Jersey garden clubs. These groups successfully pushed the issue back into the legislative spotlight.
The process culminated in 1971 when the New Jersey State Legislature passed a joint resolution. This action officially designated the Common Meadow Violet as the state flower. The full legislative action is cited as N.J.S.A. Joint Resolution No. 5, which was formally approved on March 7, 1971, securing the Violet’s place as an official emblem.
Natural Habitat and Description
As a native perennial, Viola sororia is well-adapted to the diverse ecosystems found throughout New Jersey. It is a hardy wildflower that thrives in environments including damp woodlands, open meadows, roadsides, and suburban lawns and parks. Its widespread distribution reflects its status as a common native species.
The Common Meadow Violet is one of the earliest plants to flower, typically blooming from late March through June. The plant exhibits a unique reproductive strategy by producing a second set of flowers after the showy spring blooms fade. These later, smaller flowers remain closed and are self-pollinating, a process known as cleistogamy, which ensures seed production even without insect activity. The dark green leaves are also a food source for the caterpillars of several species of Fritillary butterflies. Growing in dense clumps, the Violet forms a low rosette that allows it to survive in areas that are frequently mowed.