Spiders, as invertebrates, do not possess emotions in the human sense. Instead, their perceived “friendliness” stems from docility, non-aggressive behaviors, or the low risk they pose to humans. Some species are naturally less inclined to bite or have venom that is not medically significant to people. This article explores spider species that exhibit these characteristics, making them appear more approachable and less threatening.
Understanding Spider Temperament
Spider behavior is primarily driven by instinct, focusing on survival, reproduction, and securing food resources. Unlike mammals, spiders do not experience emotions such as aggression or affection. Their interactions are rooted in these fundamental biological directives. Many spiders, when encountering a human, will instinctively attempt to flee rather than confront. This flight response is a common defense mechanism, alongside others like camouflage, playing dead, or dropping rapidly on a silk thread.
Spider bites are almost always defensive actions, serving as a last resort when a spider feels threatened, trapped, or accidentally pressed against skin. They do not actively seek to bite humans, as people are not a food source. If a spider displays a “threat display” by rearing up, it is typically an attempt to appear larger and intimidate a perceived danger, not an intent to attack. Most spiders prefer to avoid contact, highlighting their non-aggressive nature towards humans.
Spiders Known for Docility
Several spider species are commonly regarded as docile due to their behavior and minimal risk to humans. Jumping spiders (family Salticidae) often exhibit curiosity, appearing to “watch” human movements with their large, forward-facing eyes. They are active hunters that stalk and pounce on prey rather than relying on webs, leading to more visible interactions.
While capable of biting, jumping spiders are generally not aggressive and are more likely to jump away if threatened. Bites are rare and usually result in only mild, mosquito-like symptoms. Some people even keep them as pets due to their engaging nature.
Cellar spiders, often mistakenly called “daddy longlegs,” are characterized by their extremely long, thin legs and small bodies. Found globally, they commonly inhabit basements, cellars, and quiet corners of homes, spinning messy, irregular webs. They are not aggressive towards humans and rarely bite. When disturbed, cellar spiders may rapidly vibrate their webs, a defense mechanism that makes them harder for predators to catch.
The common house spider (Parasteatoda tepidariorum) is a small species frequently encountered indoors. They have a round abdomen and construct tangled, “messy” webs in secluded areas. These spiders are considered harmless and will typically only bite if provoked, such as when accidentally trapped. Their venom is not harmful to humans, often causing minor irritation.
Orb-weaver spiders, often found in gardens, are known for their large, intricate, circular webs. Despite their sometimes imposing size and vivid colors, garden spiders are quite docile. Their venom is not considered medically significant to humans. A bite, though rare and usually only occurring if handled or severely provoked, is often compared to a bee sting. These spiders are beneficial for controlling insect populations in outdoor spaces.
Living Alongside Spiders
Coexisting peacefully with spiders in and around the home can be beneficial, as many species play a role in natural pest control. Spiders prey on various common household insects such as flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches, helping to reduce their populations without the need for chemical treatments. Allowing some harmless spiders to remain can contribute to a balanced indoor ecosystem.
If a spider is found in an undesirable location, humane relocation methods are simple and effective. The “cup and paper” technique involves placing a cup over the spider and then sliding a stiff piece of paper or card underneath to trap it. The trapped spider can then be safely carried outside and released in a suitable area like a garden or bush. This method minimizes direct contact and harm to the spider.
To prevent unwanted spider entry, homeowners can take several steps. Sealing cracks and gaps around windows, doors, and foundations helps block common entry points. Maintaining a tidy home by reducing clutter and regularly cleaning can also discourage spiders, as they prefer undisturbed areas for web-building. Additionally, some natural repellents, such as essential oils like peppermint or eucalyptus, can be sprayed in entryways or areas where spiders are frequently seen, as spiders dislike these scents.