A bone fracture occurs when a bone experiences a force greater than it can withstand, leading to a break or crack. While any of the 206 bones in the human body can be susceptible to such trauma, one bone consistently stands out as the most frequently fractured.
The Bone Most Often Fractured
The clavicle, or collarbone, is the most frequently broken bone in the body. This S-shaped long bone extends horizontally across the front of the shoulder, connecting the sternum (breastbone) to the scapula (shoulder blade). It supports the arm’s range of motion and positions the shoulder away from the body.
Clavicle fractures are prevalent across age groups, accounting for about 5% of all adult fractures and 10-15% of all childhood fractures. They occur from infancy during birth to adulthood in athletes and older individuals experiencing falls.
Why This Bone is So Vulnerable
The clavicle’s exposed position and slender structure make it highly susceptible to injury. Unlike other bones cushioned by muscle or tissue, the collarbone lies just beneath the skin with minimal protection. This allows direct blows or transmitted forces to easily overwhelm its integrity.
Common mechanisms of injury often involve a fall, particularly falling directly onto the shoulder or onto an outstretched hand. The force from such impacts travels up the arm and shoulder, concentrating stress on the clavicle and leading to a fracture. Direct blows to the collarbone, frequently seen in contact sports or car accidents, also contribute significantly to these breaks.
Recognizing and Addressing a Break
A broken clavicle typically presents with immediate and intense pain over the collarbone, which worsens with any attempt to move the arm or shoulder. Other common signs include visible swelling, tenderness, and bruising along the bone. A noticeable deformity or bump might appear at the fracture site, and a grinding or crackling sensation can occur with movement.
If a clavicle fracture is suspected, immobilizing the affected arm with a sling can provide comfort and help prevent further injury. Applying ice to the area for about 20 minutes several times a day can help reduce pain and swelling. Prompt medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis, typically confirmed with X-rays. Treatment often involves continued immobilization with a sling or shoulder immobilizer for several weeks, pain management, and subsequent physical therapy to restore strength and range of motion. In cases where bone fragments are significantly displaced, surgery may be required to realign and stabilize the bone with plates or screws.