A state bird serves as a legislative symbol, chosen to represent the natural heritage and cultural identity of a United States state. The practice of designating these emblems began in the 1920s, often spearheaded by conservation groups to promote civic pride and appreciation for native wildlife. Today, 49 of the 50 states have adopted at least one official state bird, highlighting the regional diversity of avian life across the nation. One species stands out as the most frequently chosen symbol.
The Northern Cardinal: America’s Most Common State Bird
The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is the most common state bird in the United States, officially adopted by seven different states. It holds the distinction of being the first state bird ever designated when Kentucky selected it in 1926. The Cardinal serves as the official avian symbol for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Explaining the Cardinal’s Widespread Selection
The widespread adoption of the Northern Cardinal stems from biological and aesthetic factors that make it a familiar presence across the eastern U.S. Unlike many other songbirds, the Cardinal is a non-migratory species, allowing residents to enjoy its presence year-round, even in winter. This consistent visibility enhances its connection to the local environment, making it a reliable symbol of home.
The male Cardinal’s striking appearance is another reason for its selection, featuring brilliant red plumage and a distinct crest. This vibrant coloring is easily recognizable, helping the species stand out and making it a favorite subject for observation. Beyond its visual appeal, the Cardinal possesses a loud, easily identifiable series of whistles and calls. This combination of memorable song, bold coloring, and year-round residence cemented its status as an ideal candidate for state designation.
The Other Top Contenders
While the Northern Cardinal leads the count, other species are shared across multiple state designations. The Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) is the second-most popular choice, serving as the emblem for six states across the plains and mountain West. Prized for its melodic song, it represents Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming. The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) follows, adopted by five states, primarily in the South. Known for its exceptional ability to mimic other birds’ songs, the Mockingbird is the official bird of Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas.
Other Shared Symbols
The next tier of popular selections includes the American Robin, which represents Connecticut, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The American Goldfinch is also a shared symbol, chosen by Iowa, New Jersey, and Washington.
How States Officially Designate Their Avian Symbols
The process for officially designating a state bird is largely a matter of legislative action, often requiring a bill or resolution to be passed by the state legislature. These campaigns frequently originate from grassroots efforts, with schoolchildren and local conservation groups playing a pivotal role. In many cases, a bird’s selection results from a contest or poll conducted in schools, where students vote for their preferred native species. Once a candidate is chosen, the momentum from these public campaigns is used to lobby lawmakers for official recognition. The final designation is formalized through legislative statute or gubernatorial proclamation, ensuring the bird holds its official status as a representation of the state’s natural identity.