Sucralfate is a medication prescribed to treat and prevent ulcers in the stomach and intestines. It functions by creating a protective layer over the ulcerated tissue. This barrier shields the damaged area from stomach acids, pepsin, and bile salts, allowing the ulcer to heal naturally.
Understanding the Most Common Side Effect
Constipation is the most frequently reported side effect of sucralfate, affecting approximately 1% to 10% of individuals taking the medication. This occurs because sucralfate contains aluminum, which can slow down the movement of fluids and waste through the digestive tract. The medication’s binding properties, which form a protective film over ulcers, can also contribute to this slowing effect.
Other effects, while less common than constipation, may include nausea, dry mouth, indigestion, and diarrhea. Some individuals might also experience dizziness, skin rash, itching, back pain, or headaches. These are generally mild and often improve as the body adjusts to the medication.
Rarely, more serious effects can occur, such as severe allergic reactions, which might present as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue. Another rare but serious concern is the formation of a bezoar, a mass of undigested material that can cause a blockage in the digestive tract. Aluminum toxicity can also occur in individuals with impaired kidney function due to the aluminum content in sucralfate.
Managing Side Effects and Seeking Medical Guidance
Managing common effects like constipation often involves simple adjustments. Increasing dietary fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help promote regular bowel movements. Ensuring adequate fluid intake throughout the day is also beneficial, as is engaging in regular physical activity. If these measures are insufficient, discussing the use of over-the-counter laxatives or stool softeners with a pharmacist or doctor may be appropriate.
For milder effects such as dry mouth, frequently sipping water or chewing sugar-free gum can help stimulate saliva production. While many effects are mild and temporary, it is important to contact a healthcare provider if any side effect becomes severe, persists, or worsens over time. Signs of a serious reaction, such as difficulty breathing, significant swelling, or severe abdominal pain, require immediate medical attention. Individuals should never stop taking sucralfate without first consulting their prescribing doctor, as discontinuing the medication prematurely could hinder the healing process of the ulcer.