Acid reflux, a common condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, and vertigo, the sensation of spinning or feeling off balance, may seem like distinct health issues. While they affect different parts of the body, a growing understanding suggests there can be a connection between them. Though the exact relationship is still being investigated, several proposed mechanisms explain how acid reflux might contribute to or worsen vertigo symptoms.
Exploring the Link
One potential mechanism linking acid reflux to vertigo involves the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. When stomach acid refluxes into the upper gastrointestinal system, it can reach and irritate these tubes. This irritation can lead to inflammation and swelling, potentially affecting the pressure within the inner ear and causing vertigo symptoms.
Another proposed connection relates to the vagus nerve. This nerve extends from the brainstem to various organs, including the digestive system and structures involved in balance. Irritation or inflammation caused by acid reflux can affect the vagus nerve, potentially leading to dizziness or lightheadedness.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), often called “silent reflux,” is a type of acid reflux where stomach contents travel higher into the throat and voice box, sometimes without typical heartburn symptoms. This direct exposure of the upper airway to acid and pepsin can cause inflammation in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) regions. This inflammation can directly affect inner ear structures responsible for balance, linking LPR to vertigo. Research shows an association between peripheral vertigo and GERD.
Identifying Associated Symptoms
Recognizing potential connections between acid reflux and vertigo involves observing a combination of symptoms. Vertigo presents as a sensation of spinning, dizziness, or unsteadiness. When these balance issues occur alongside symptoms typically associated with acid reflux, it may suggest a shared underlying cause.
Common acid reflux symptoms that could appear with vertigo include heartburn (a burning sensation in the chest or throat), and regurgitation of sour liquid or food. Other symptoms include a chronic cough, particularly one that worsens at night or after eating, a persistent sore throat, hoarseness, a sensation of a lump in the throat, or difficulty swallowing.
Patients experiencing vertigo linked to reflux might also notice ear-related symptoms such as ear pain, a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear, or ringing in the ears (tinnitus). The timing of vertigo, such as waking up with it after a night of reflux, can also be a suggestive pattern.
Guidance for Seeking Help
If you experience persistent or recurring episodes of vertigo, especially if accompanied by symptoms of acid reflux, seek medical evaluation. A healthcare professional can help determine the underlying cause of your symptoms and provide an accurate diagnosis. Starting with a primary care physician is a good first step, as they can assess your overall health and refer you to specialists if needed.
Depending on your symptoms, a gastroenterologist, who specializes in digestive disorders, or an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist may be consulted. These specialists can perform comprehensive examinations and recommend diagnostic tests to identify or rule out specific conditions. For instance, tests might include evaluating the function of the Eustachian tubes or assessing for signs of LPR.
Vertigo can stem from various causes, some of which may be serious. Therefore, a thorough medical assessment is important to ensure proper management. If acid reflux is identified as a contributing factor to your vertigo, treating the reflux can potentially alleviate the associated balance issues. Medical guidance is important for developing an appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific condition.