The basilisk lizard, also known as the “Jesus lizard,” is a fascinating reptile celebrated for its extraordinary ability to run across the surface of water. This unique skill allows the lizard to escape predators with remarkable speed and agility. Found primarily in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, the basilisk lizard is a captivating example of adaptation in the natural world.
Understanding the Common Name
The nickname “Jesus lizard” stems from its distinctive method of locomotion across water. When threatened, these lizards propel themselves across the water’s surface on their hind legs, creating a visual phenomenon that resembles walking on water. This ability evokes the biblical story of Jesus, leading to its popular moniker. The rapid movement and light weight allow it to momentarily defy sinking. This spectacle is a primary reason for its notoriety.
Biological Profile
The basilisk lizard belongs to the genus Basiliscus, which includes four distinct species within the Corytophanidae family. The common basilisk, Basiliscus basiliscus, is one of the most well-known species. These lizards primarily inhabit tropical rainforests near rivers and streams in Central and South America, from southern Mexico to Ecuador and Venezuela. They are semi-arboreal, spending much time in trees, but always remain close to water sources.
Basilisks are omnivores, with their diet consisting of insects, flowers, fruits, and small vertebrates. Physically, they are medium-sized reptiles with long, slender bodies and tails that can account for 70-75% of their total length, sometimes reaching up to 76 cm (2.5 feet). Males often display prominent crests on their heads and backs, which are less pronounced or absent in females. Their coloration can vary; common basilisks are typically brown or olive with light stripes, while green basilisks exhibit vibrant green hues.
The Mechanics of Water Running
The basilisk lizard’s ability to run on water is a complex interplay of specialized anatomy and rapid movements. Their large hind feet are equipped with long toes featuring fringed scales or flaps of skin. These fringes expand when the foot strikes the water, significantly increasing surface area and creating temporary air pockets. This combination is crucial for generating lift.
When running, the lizard adopts an upright, bipedal stance, holding its forelegs to its sides, and rapidly slaps its feet against the water. This motion involves three phases: the “slap” (foot hits surface), the “stroke” (foot pushes downward to create an air cavity), and the “retraction” (foot quickly pulled out before cavity collapses). This rapid footwork, performed at speeds up to 20 steps per second, generates sufficient upward force to support the lizard’s weight. While young, lighter basilisks can cover greater distances, even adults can run several meters across the water’s surface before eventually sinking and swimming.