The interdental col is an area of gum tissue located between adjacent teeth. While brushing addresses visible tooth surfaces, this hidden depression plays a significant role in oral health. Understanding its characteristics and proper care can prevent common dental issues.
Understanding the Interdental Col
The interdental col refers to the concave depression of gum tissue that connects the facial and lingual (or palatal) interdental papillae. These papillae are the pointed projections of gum tissue that fill the space between two teeth. The col is located just beneath the contact point where two teeth touch, making it clinically invisible to the naked eye.
The col is primarily found between posterior teeth, such as molars and premolars, where contact areas are broader. However, a col can also exist between anterior teeth if their contact points create a similar concave gingival contour. Its saddle-like shape conforms closely to the curved surfaces of adjacent teeth.
Why the Interdental Col is Vulnerable
The interdental col is susceptible to bacterial invasion and inflammation due to its anatomy. The epithelial lining covering the col is non-keratinized, lacking the tough, protective outer layer found on other gum areas. This makes the col’s tissue thinner and less resistant to damage from bacteria and their byproducts.
The concave shape of the col creates a sheltered area where plaque and food debris easily accumulate. This environment provides an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and plaque biofilms. Constant bacterial presence in this less protected tissue can lead to localized inflammation, progressing from gingivitis to more severe periodontal diseases if left unaddressed.
Caring for Your Interdental Col
Effective cleaning of the interdental col is important for preventing plaque buildup and subsequent inflammation. Toothbrushing alone is insufficient to reach and clean this recessed area. Toothbrush bristles primarily clean the outer and inner surfaces of teeth, often missing the tight spaces and concavities between them.
Dental floss is a primary tool for cleaning the interdental col. To use it effectively, gently guide the floss between the teeth and then curve it around the side of one tooth, sliding it beneath the gumline into the col area. Move the floss up and down against the tooth surface, then repeat the process on the adjacent tooth within the same interdental space.
For individuals with larger interdental spaces or specific orthodontic appliances, interdental brushes can be effective. These small, bristled brushes come in various sizes; select the correct size that fits snugly but comfortably between your teeth. Gently insert the brush and move it back and forth to dislodge plaque and debris.
Water flossers, also known as oral irrigators, offer another option. They use a pulsating stream of water to remove food particles and plaque, and are helpful for those with braces, bridges, or limited dexterity.