Chayote (Sechium edule) is a distinctive squash known for its mild flavor and crisp texture. Successful cultivation of this vining plant depends on understanding its specific temperature requirements. Paying close attention to these needs promotes healthy growth and abundant fruit production.
Ideal Temperatures for Chayote Growth
Chayote thrives in warm, tropical, and subtropical climates. The optimal temperature range for its growth and development typically falls between 68°F and 100.4°F (20°C and 38°C). Within this range, vegetative growth is vigorous, supporting fruit production. For ideal fruit production, daytime temperatures around 86°F (30°C) combined with nighttime temperatures above 59°F (15°C) are optimal. These warm conditions help the plant develop its pear-shaped fruits.
Impact of Cold Temperatures
Chayote plants are sensitive to cold and do not tolerate frost. Temperatures below 32°F (0°C) can cause significant damage. If temperatures drop to approximately 23°F (-5°C), leaves may darken, wilt, and droop, eventually turning brown. Freezing temperatures can kill the entire vine. Even sustained cooler temperatures below 55°F (13°C) can prevent fruit production and cause immature fruits to drop.
Impact of Hot Temperatures
Excessively high temperatures also pose challenges for chayote cultivation. When temperatures consistently exceed 100.4°F (38°C), plant growth can slow, and leaves may lighten, increasing sunburn susceptibility. Heat stress appears as wilting, leaf rolling or cupping, leaf drop, and scorching. High nighttime temperatures can negatively affect pollen production, leading to reduced fruit set and smaller fruits. Flower abortion may occur when temperatures range between 75°F and 95°F.
Protecting Chayote from Temperature Extremes
Protecting chayote plants from temperature extremes is important for a successful harvest. During cold spells, container-grown plants can be moved indoors. For in-ground plants, apply a thick layer of organic mulch, such as leaves or straw, around the base to insulate roots from freezing temperatures. Temporary greenhouses or covers made from plastic film or fabric can also provide protection during cold snaps.
In hot conditions, providing shade is beneficial. Shade cloths, typically offering 30% to 50% shade, reduce heat stress during peak afternoon hours. Adequate and consistent watering, preferably in the early morning or late evening, supports plant hydration and helps cool the soil. Organic mulches around the plant base help retain soil moisture and regulate soil temperature. Strategic planting locations that receive afternoon shade or incorporating taller companion plants can also offer natural protection.
Planting Chayote Based on Temperature
The timing of chayote planting is directly influenced by local temperature conditions. It is generally recommended to plant chayote three to four weeks after the last average frost date in spring. At this time, the soil temperature should consistently reach at least 65°F (18°C). Chayote requires a long growing season, typically 120 to 150 frost-free days, to mature and produce fruit. In regions with shorter growing seasons, starting plants indoors or growing them in containers that can be moved indoors when temperatures cool allows for successful cultivation.