The appearance of a bulge or extra tissue between the armpit and the chest, often referred to as a “bra bulge,” is a common concern. This area, known anatomically as the axilla, can accumulate tissue. While often dismissed as simple excess weight, the tissue in this region can be caused by distinct anatomical factors. This tissue is typically either a normal extension of the breast gland or a separate deposit of fat.
Anatomical Name and Location
The general area where this tissue appears is the axilla, which is the medical term for the armpit. When the bulge is a continuous extension of the main breast structure, it is often called the Axillary Tail of Spence. This structure represents the upper outer portion of the breast parenchyma, extending toward the armpit through an opening in the deep fascia. It is considered a normal part of the breast’s anatomy.
Although the term “Axillary Tail of Spence” is widely used, some studies suggest the tissue in the axilla might be better described as a distinct collection of glandular and fatty tissue. This tissue is physically located on the lateral chest wall, extending into the underarm area. The presence of this tissue is not necessarily a sign of excess weight, as even lean individuals can have a defined mound in this region.
Adipose Tissue or Accessory Breast Tissue?
The composition of the tissue in the axilla is significant because it determines how the bulge will respond to different treatments. The two primary types of tissue found here are adipose tissue and accessory breast tissue. Adipose tissue, or simple body fat, is the most common cause of the “bra bulge.” This fat accumulation is typically related to overall body fat percentage, genetics, and fat distribution patterns.
In contrast, the bulge may be accessory breast tissue, also known as ectopic or supernumerary breast tissue. This is actual glandular breast tissue that developed outside the main breast area, typically along the embryonic “milk line.” Unlike simple fat, this glandular tissue is sensitive to hormonal fluctuations. It can swell, become tender, or increase in size during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause. Accessory breast tissue can be distinguished from simple fat through physical examination or imaging tests like ultrasound or mammography.
Strategies for Reduction and Management
The most effective strategy for managing the tissue in the armpit depends entirely on whether it is primarily fat or glandular tissue.
Non-Surgical Management
For cases where the bulge is predominantly adipose tissue, management focuses on reducing overall body fat and improving muscle tone. A combination of cardiovascular exercise and a controlled diet that restricts caloric intake is the general approach to reduce fat across the entire body.
Targeted strength training can also help minimize the appearance of the bulge by improving the contour of the surrounding muscles. Exercises that build muscle in the chest, back, and shoulders, such as push-ups, chest presses, and lateral raises, can tighten the area and enhance posture. Improving posture can also immediately reduce the visibility of the bulge. Wearing a properly fitted bra is another non-medical measure that can help minimize the appearance of tissue spillage.
Medical and Surgical Intervention
When the tissue is identified as accessory breast tissue, or when persistent adipose tissue does not respond to non-surgical methods, medical intervention is often necessary. Because glandular tissue is hormonally responsive, it will not reduce significantly through diet and exercise alone. A medical professional should be consulted if the tissue causes pain, swelling, or if any new lumps are noticed.
For persistent fat deposits, liposuction is a common cosmetic procedure that removes excess adipose tissue through a small incision. If the concern is primarily glandular tissue, a surgical excision may be performed to remove the solid breast tissue. In milder cases, some practitioners may use lipolytic injections to help break down very small areas of fat. These surgical options are typically elective and designed to address cosmetic concerns or discomfort.