Many individuals occasionally notice a hard lump inside their mouth, sparking questions and often some concern. This unexpected finding, which can feel like an “extra bone,” is a common and typically harmless bony growth. Understanding these growths can alleviate worry.
Understanding the Bony Growth
The “extra bone” in your mouth is most commonly a torus (plural: tori), a benign outgrowth of bone from the jaw. These firm, slow-growing growths are composed of dense bone tissue covered by normal gum tissue. While they can vary in size and shape, they are not cancerous and pose no threat to overall health.
Tori appear in specific locations within the oral cavity. A torus palatinus is found on the midline of the hard palate, the roof of the mouth. These can range from small bumps to larger masses, sometimes exceeding 2 centimeters. Another common type is the torus mandibularis, located on the inner side of the lower jaw, typically near the premolars. Mandibular tori often appear bilaterally, meaning on both sides of the mouth, though they may differ in size.
Why Do These Growths Occur?
The precise reasons for tori development are not fully understood, but research suggests genetic and environmental factors. Genetic predisposition is a significant contributor, as tori tend to run in families and identical twins show higher concordance. This suggests a strong inherited component.
Environmental influences also play a role. Chronic teeth grinding (bruxism) and clenching can place increased stress on the jawbone, potentially stimulating bone growth. Chewing forces and dietary habits have also been suggested as potential contributors. Tori are often associated with adulthood, becoming more noticeable or increasing in size over time.
When to Seek Professional Advice
Most tori are harmless and do not require intervention. However, a dental professional’s advice or treatment may be considered in specific situations. These growths generally do not cause pain unless traumatized or interfering with oral functions. Surgical removal is typically reserved for practical issues.
One common reason for removal is interference with dental prosthetics, such such as dentures, prevent them from fitting properly or cause irritation. Large tori might also affect speech clarity by hindering tongue movement or make it difficult to maintain proper oral hygiene, leading to food impaction. Additionally, if the growths are frequently irritated or traumatized by sharp foods, causing discomfort or ulceration, removal may be recommended. Though removal is an option, it is primarily for functional concerns rather than cosmetic reasons.