The epigastric region is a specific anatomical area in the upper central abdomen. It is a descriptive term, not a medical condition or diagnosis. This region serves as an important landmark for healthcare professionals assessing abdominal symptoms, as it overlies several significant internal organs.
Locating the Epigastric Region
The epigastric region is positioned in the upper abdomen, directly beneath the sternum. Its upper boundary is the xiphoid process, at the lower sternum. Laterally, this region extends to the lower margins of the rib cage. The lower boundary is marked by a horizontal line just above the navel. Its central placement makes it a key area for assessing digestive symptoms.
Key Organs in the Epigastrium
The stomach occupies a considerable portion of the epigastric region, breaking down food. Directly connected is the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine. The pancreas, a gland behind the stomach, contributes digestive enzymes and hormones. A portion of the liver also extends into the upper right epigastrium, performing functions like detoxification and bile production. The gallbladder, which stores bile, is typically found tucked beneath the liver.
Common Feelings and Symptoms
Common sensations and symptoms include a dull, persistent ache or a sharp, sudden pain. A burning sensation, often associated with acid, may also occur. Discomfort, such as fullness or bloating, is also common. Nausea, which often precedes vomiting, can be felt prominently here. Indigestion, characterized by discomfort after eating, frequently manifests here.
Understanding Epigastric Discomfort
Several common conditions can cause epigastric discomfort or pain. Indigestion is a frequent cause, often causing fullness, bloating, or mild pain. Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation. Gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining, can cause pain and discomfort.
Stomach ulcers, which are open sores on the stomach lining, can also lead to localized pain in this area, often worsening with an empty stomach. Gallstones, hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, may cause pain if they block bile ducts. Pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, can manifest as severe pain in the epigastric region, sometimes radiating to the back.
When to Consult a Doctor
Seek medical attention if epigastric discomfort is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Warning signs include pain that does not resolve or significantly worsens. The presence of fever, persistent vomiting, or shortness of breath alongside epigastric discomfort requires immediate medical assessment. Pain that radiates to the jaw, arm, or back may indicate a more serious condition. Black or tarry stools, which can signal internal bleeding, also require prompt medical consultation.