Pink eye, medically known as conjunctivitis, is a common condition characterized by the inflammation of the conjunctiva. This transparent membrane covers the white part of the eyeball and lines the inside of the eyelid. When the small blood vessels within the conjunctiva become swollen and irritated, they become more visible, causing the eye to appear reddish or pink. This condition causes discomfort, including a gritty sensation, itching, and often a discharge that can crust on the eyelashes.
Understanding Viral Pink Eye
Viral pink eye is the most common form of conjunctivitis, frequently caused by adenoviruses, which are also responsible for the common cold. It often accompanies or follows an upper respiratory infection, such as a cold or sore throat. Symptoms include redness, a gritty or burning sensation, and a watery discharge from the affected eye.
This type of pink eye usually begins in one eye and can then spread to the other. Other symptoms may include mild itching, sensitivity to light, and swollen eyelids. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and spreads quickly in crowded environments like schools or daycares. Most cases are self-limiting, resolving within one to three weeks without specific antiviral treatment. Supportive care, such as cool compresses and lubricating eye drops, can help alleviate symptoms.
Understanding Bacterial Pink Eye
Bacterial pink eye is caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. This infection often presents with a thick, pus-like discharge that can be yellow or green. This discharge commonly causes the eyelids to stick together, particularly upon waking.
Other symptoms include significant redness, eyelid swelling, and a feeling like something is stuck in the eye. While it can affect one or both eyes, it often starts in one. Bacterial pink eye is also highly contagious and typically requires antibiotic eye drops or ointment to clear the infection, usually within 5 to 7 days. Some mild cases might resolve without antibiotics, but medical intervention is often recommended.
Key Differences and When to Seek Medical Attention
Viral pink eye typically presents with a clear, watery discharge and often accompanies cold-like symptoms. In contrast, bacterial pink eye is characterized by a thick, sticky, yellowish or greenish discharge that can cause eyelids to crust and stick together. While both types are contagious, bacterial infections necessitate antibiotic treatment, whereas viral infections usually resolve with supportive care.
It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms are severe or worsen. Consult a doctor if you experience intense eye pain, changes in vision such as blurriness or light sensitivity, or if the redness becomes very pronounced. Prompt medical evaluation is also recommended for suspected bacterial infections, especially if the discharge is heavy or symptoms do not improve within a few days. Infants with red, sticky eyes should receive immediate treatment to prevent potential vision damage.