Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabichromene (CBC) are two non-intoxicating cannabinoids derived from the Cannabis plant. Both compounds are gaining attention for their potential wellness properties, though they do not produce the “high” associated with THC. While CBD is widely known, CBC is considered a minor cannabinoid. Understanding the differences between CBD and CBC, from their chemical makeup to how they interact with the body, is important for consumers navigating the market.
Chemical Identity and Plant Origin
The distinction between CBD and CBC begins with their molecular structure, despite sharing a common origin. Both are synthesized from the precursor molecule, cannabigerolic acid (CBGa), often called the “mother cannabinoid.” In the plant, CBGa is directed down different enzymatic pathways to create acidic forms.
For CBD, the enzyme CBD-synthase converts CBGa into cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Similarly, CBC-synthase converts CBGa into cannabichromenic acid (CBCA). The final, non-acidic forms (CBD and CBC) are produced when their acidic counterparts undergo decarboxylation—exposure to heat or light. This slight difference in the final molecular arrangement results in unique properties and effects.
Distinct Mechanisms of Action in the Body
The different molecular structures of CBD and CBC lead to distinct ways they interact with the body’s internal signaling network, including the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and other receptors. CBD is known for its indirect influence on the ECS, displaying only a weak binding affinity for the primary cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. Instead of direct activation, CBD modulates the system by inhibiting the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).
Inhibiting FAAH slows the breakdown of the body’s natural endocannabinoid, anandamide, allowing it to remain in circulation longer. CBD also interacts with non-ECS targets, such as the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor, which may contribute to its effects on mood and anxiety.
In contrast, CBC is noted for its more direct interaction with non-cannabinoid receptors called Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels. CBC shows a high affinity for the vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) and the ankyrin receptor (TRPA1). These receptors are involved in regulating pain perception and inflammatory processes. This interaction suggests that CBC may influence pain and inflammation through a separate, non-ECS pathway.
Comparative Applications and Reported Effects
The differing mechanisms of action translate into unique areas of potential application and reported effects. CBD has a larger body of research and is widely associated with general wellness. It is often sought for its calming effects and potential to help manage everyday stress and anxiety. CBD is also commonly used to address inflammation and general discomfort, making it a popular choice for overall balance.
CBC, while less studied, shows promise for more targeted applications. Due to its interaction with TRPV1 and TRPA1, CBC is being explored for promoting skin health, including managing acne and other topical inflammatory issues. Research also suggests CBC may support neurogenesis and contribute to mood elevation. The combination of CBD and CBC, along with other cannabis compounds, is believed to leverage the “entourage effect,” producing a greater collective benefit.
Sourcing and Market Availability
The most practical difference for consumers lies in sourcing and commercial availability. CBD is one of the most abundant cannabinoids in the Cannabis sativa plant, especially in hemp varieties. This high abundance makes CBD relatively easy and cost-effective to extract. Consequently, CBD is widely commercialized and available in a vast array of product formats, including oils, edibles, and topical creams.
CBC, however, is a minor cannabinoid, naturally occurring in much lower concentrations than CBD. This scarcity makes CBC more challenging and expensive to isolate and purify for individual products. Pure CBC isolate products are harder to find on the market. Consumers are more likely to find CBC present in smaller amounts within full-spectrum or broad-spectrum CBD products.