While “opossum” and “possum” are often used interchangeably, they refer to distinct marsupial groups. Understanding their differences is important for accurate identification, as these creatures originate from different parts of the world and possess unique characteristics.
Geographic Distribution
A primary distinction between these two marsupial groups lies in their native habitats. Opossums, specifically referring to the species commonly known as the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), are indigenous to the Americas. Their range extends across North, Central, and South America, adapting to diverse environments from forests to urban areas. This adaptability allows them to thrive in varied climates and landscapes across their broad distribution.
In contrast, possums are native to Australia, New Guinea, and surrounding islands. These marsupials inhabit a wide array of Australian ecosystems, including eucalypt forests, woodlands, and increasingly, suburban gardens.
Distinguishing Physical Traits
Beyond their geographical separation, opossums and possums exhibit noticeable physical differences that aid in their identification. The North American opossum typically has a pointed snout, hairless ears, and a long, scaly, prehensile tail that is largely naked. Their fur is often coarse and grizzled, appearing in shades of gray or whitish-gray. These features contribute to their somewhat rugged appearance.
Australian possums generally present a softer, more rounded appearance. They tend to have larger, more prominent eyes and typically possess bushier tails, though some species do have somewhat bare patches on their tails that are also prehensile. Their fur is usually softer and denser, varying widely in color depending on the species, such as the common brushtail possum with its thick, often brownish-gray fur.
The Naming Convention
The similarity in their names, despite their distinct origins and physical characteristics, stems from historical linguistic application. The word “opossum” originated from “aposoum,” a term used by the Algonquian-speaking Powhatan people of early colonial America. This name was recorded by English colonists and referred to the marsupial they encountered in the New World.
When European explorers arrived in Australia centuries later, they encountered marsupials that superficially resembled American opossums. They then applied a shortened version of the name, “possum,” to these Australian animals. This historical naming convention led to the current confusion, as the two groups are not closely related evolutionarily despite the similar-sounding designations.