Many people confuse “possum” and “opossum,” often using them interchangeably. While sounding similar, these terms refer to distinct groups of animals, a confusion often stemming from regional usage.
Unpacking the Names
The term “opossum” refers specifically to marsupials native to the Americas, belonging to the order Didelphimorphia. This group includes species found across North, Central, and South America. The Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is the most recognized species in North America, being the only marsupial found north of Mexico.
In contrast, “possum” refers to marsupials native to Australia, New Guinea, and Sulawesi. These animals belong to the order Diprotodontia. A common misconception arises because in North America, “opossum” is frequently shortened colloquially to “possum.” Despite phonetic similarity and shared marsupial classification, these terms represent distinct biological groups from different continents.
Where They Live and What They Look Like
Opossums inhabit a broad geographical range across the Americas, from southern Canada through the United States and Central America to parts of South America. The Virginia Opossum is adaptable, thriving in environments like forests, woodlands, farmlands, urban areas, and near water sources.
Possums are exclusively found in Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands like Sulawesi. This group includes species such as the Common Brushtail Possum and the Common Ringtail Possum. Australian possums occupy diverse environments from alpine woodlands and eucalyptus forests to tropical jungles and urban gardens.
Physically, opossums are typically about the size of a domestic cat. They possess grayish-white fur, a long pointed snout, and a triangular-shaped head. Their tails are naked and prehensile, and their ears are hairless. A unique feature is an opposable thumb-like digit on their hind feet, which aids in climbing.
Australian possums exhibit a broader spectrum of appearances. Their fur is generally thicker and softer, ranging in color from grey, brown, black, silver, or copper. Most possums have bushy or furred prehensile tails, although some species may have a naked underside. Their faces tend to be rounder with shorter snouts and often larger eyes.
Their size varies considerably, from small pygmy possums, which can be as small as 70 millimeters in body length, to larger brushtail possums, comparable in size to a domestic cat. Some Australian possums, like the Sugar Glider, even possess gliding membranes.