Bluebirds and blue jays, both with striking blue plumage, are often confused. Despite their shared color, these birds belong to different avian families and exhibit distinct characteristics. Understanding their specific features allows for accurate identification and appreciation of each species.
Appearance
Bluebirds are smaller, measuring 6 to 8 inches, with a plump body and a large, rounded head that lacks a crest. Male Eastern Bluebirds have vibrant royal blue on their back and head, contrasting with a rusty-orange breast and a white belly. Females are generally duller, with a grayish upper body, blue-tinted wings and tail, and a subdued orange-brown breast. Western Bluebirds share blue upperparts and a rusty breast. Male Mountain Bluebirds are almost entirely turquoise-blue, while females are a duller blue-gray.
Blue jays are larger, measuring 9 to 12 inches, and have a more robust build. Their plumage combines bright blue, black, and white markings, particularly on their wings and tail. They have a prominent blue crest on their head, which they can raise or lower depending on their mood. A distinctive black U-shaped collar often encircles their neck. The blue color in their feathers is structural, resulting from light refraction rather than pigment.
Sounds and Calls
Bluebirds produce softer, melodious vocalizations. Their songs are low-pitched warbles, sometimes described as a “chur-lee, chur-lee” sound. Males sing to attract mates. They also use a gentle “tu-a-wee” call for communication. A soft “chip” may be heard when a courting male approaches, and a louder “chit-chit-chit” signals a ground predator.
Blue jays are known for their loud, varied vocalizations. Their most recognizable sound is a harsh, repeated “jay jay” call. They also produce various whistles, squawks, and gurgling noises. Blue jays often imitate other birds, especially hawks. This mimicry can warn other jays of danger or scare away other birds to access food.
Habitat and Habits
Bluebirds inhabit open country with scattered trees, including pastures, orchards, and suburban areas. They are cavity nesters, often using old woodpecker holes or human-made nest boxes. Their diet primarily consists of insects, such as caterpillars, beetles, and grasshoppers, which they spot from a perch and capture on the ground. During fall and winter, they supplement their diet with wild fruits and berries.
Blue jays are adaptable, found in diverse environments including forests, suburban, and urban areas, especially where oak trees are present. They construct open cup nests in tree branches, typically 10 to 25 feet above the ground; both sexes participate in construction. As omnivores, their diet is broad, including nuts, seeds, insects, and fruits. Acorns are a favorite food they often cache for later consumption, aiding in reforestation. Blue jays are recognized for their intelligence, exhibiting complex social behaviors and strong memory skills, especially for remembering cached food locations.