The Netherlands experiences a distinctive climate shaped by its geographical position. Its moderate weather generally avoids extremes, contributing to the country’s unique atmospheric character.
Key Climate Features
The Netherlands is characterized by a temperate maritime climate, resulting in mild winters and cool summers with few temperature extremes. Average annual temperatures in the center of the country are around 10°C (50°F). Precipitation is common throughout the year, with annual rainfall typically ranging between 750 and 850 millimeters (29 to 33 inches), often as showers rather than heavy downpours.
Significant cloud cover is common. Sunshine is less common from November to February but improves during summer months, with about 6.5 to 7 hours per day from May to August. Coastal areas tend to be sunnier than inland regions, receiving around 1,850 to 1,900 hours of sunshine annually. Humidity levels remain relatively high throughout the year, with average annual relative humidity around 83% in cities like Amsterdam. This consistent humidity can make temperatures feel different.
Seasonal Weather Across the Year
Spring, from March to May, is a cool season marked by a gradual increase in temperatures. In March, daytime temperatures average around 8°C (46°F), rising to approximately 18°C (64°F) by May. Snow showers can still occur in April, and early May can see maximum temperatures around 10°C (50°F). Spring is typically the least rainy season, offering more clear and sunny days, especially in May.
Summer, from June to August, brings pleasant temperatures, though consistent sunshine is not guaranteed. Average high temperatures range from 21 to 26°C (70 to 79°F), with July and August being the warmest months, averaging around 21°C (70°F). Warm days exceeding 25°C (77°F) are frequent, but cool and rainy days below 20°C (68°F) also occur. August can be one of the wettest months, with average rainfall reaching up to 105 mm.
Autumn, from September to November, transitions to colder, cloudier, and rainier conditions, often with strong winds. September starts relatively mild with temperatures around 19°C (66°F), but by November, average temperatures drop to about 9°C (48°F). This season experiences the highest rainfall, particularly in October and November. Humidity levels are also at their peak during October and November, averaging around 88%.
Winter, from December to February, is generally cold but not severely freezing. Average daily temperatures range from 2.5°C (36.5°F) in the north to 4°C (39°F) on the southwestern coast. Snowfall averages 20-30 days per year, but heavy accumulation is uncommon due to the North Sea’s moderating influence. When cold air masses arrive from Eastern Europe, temperatures can drop below freezing, creating icy conditions.
Geographical Influences
The Netherlands’ climate is primarily shaped by its proximity to the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. This coastal influence results in a maritime climate, moderating temperatures and leading to milder winters and cooler summers compared to inland continental areas. The North Sea’s temperature helps regulate air temperature, preventing extremes.
Prevailing westerly winds consistently bring moist air from the Atlantic Ocean across the country, contributing to frequent precipitation. The flat landscape of the Netherlands allows these winds to sweep largely unimpeded, with minimal geographical barriers to block air masses. This contributes to a relatively uniform climate across the small country, though coastal areas are windier. The low-lying nature of much of the land, with about 40% below sea level, further contributes to the high humidity levels observed year-round.