Large spiders often capture human imagination, prompting questions about which among them truly stands as the largest. This intrigue about immense beings reveals nature’s capacity for grandeur.
The Reigning Champion: Goliath Birdeater
The undisputed title for the largest tarantula in the world, primarily by mass and body length, belongs to Theraphosa blondi, commonly known as the Goliath Birdeater. This arachnid commands attention with its substantial presence. This species is found in northern South America, where it has earned its reputation as the heaviest spider.
Unveiling the Giant: Key Characteristics
The Goliath Birdeater, Theraphosa blondi, exhibits remarkable physical dimensions, typically reaching a leg span of up to 12 inches (30 cm) and weighing up to 6 ounces (170 grams). Its body is covered in a dense layer of hair, ranging in color from tan to light brown and golden hues, which aids in its camouflage within its environment. These tarantulas are terrestrial, inhabiting the humid rainforest regions of northern South America, including Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, and northern Brazil. They are nocturnal predators that construct deep burrows, often in marshy or swampy areas, where they spend much of their time.
Despite its common name, the Goliath Birdeater rarely preys on birds. Its diet primarily consists of insects like crickets and cockroaches, along with small rodents, frogs, and lizards. The “birdeater” moniker originated from an 18th-century engraving depicting one consuming a hummingbird, though this is an infrequent occurrence. When threatened, Theraphosa blondi can produce a hissing sound, known as stridulation, by rubbing bristles on its legs. It can also release urticating hairs from its abdomen, which are irritating bristles that cause discomfort to predators and can be harmful to humans.
Beyond the Birdeater: Other Large Tarantulas
While Theraphosa blondi is recognized as the largest tarantula by mass, other species also achieve substantial sizes. The Burgundy Goliath Birdeater (Theraphosa stirmi) and the Salmon Pink Birdeater (Lasiodora parahybana) are two such examples. These species can boast impressive leg spans, often similar to that of the Goliath Birdeater, reaching up to 11-12 inches (28-30 cm).
However, Theraphosa blondi consistently holds the record for being the largest by overall body mass and length. Theraphosa stirmi is quite comparable in leg span but generally has a slightly less bulky body, while Lasiodora parahybana also reaches considerable leg spans but typically weighs less than the true Goliath Birdeater. The Theraphosa blondi’s robust body contributes to its heavier weight, solidifying its position as the world’s largest tarantula in terms of sheer size and bulk.