Systemic enzyme supplements support bodily functions beyond the digestive tract. These supplements contain specialized proteins that, when absorbed into the bloodstream, perform tasks throughout the entire body. They leverage the enzyme’s natural ability to break down specific compounds, influencing various biological processes system-wide. Choosing a high-quality product requires understanding their distinct mechanism of action and the precise metrics used to measure their effectiveness.
Defining Systemic Enzymes and Their Function
Systemic enzymes, often called metabolic or proteolytic enzymes, differ from standard digestive enzymes. They are intended to be absorbed intact through the small intestine and circulate in the bloodstream. Unlike digestive enzymes, which break down food in the gut, systemic enzymes function throughout the body’s tissues and systems.
One primary function is fibrinolysis, which involves breaking down excess fibrin, a protein used in clotting and scar tissue formation. Managing this excess supports healthy blood flow and circulation. They also modulate the body’s inflammatory response, helping manage chronic or excessive inflammation that lingers after injury or illness.
Systemic enzymes assist the body by clearing away cellular debris, unwanted proteins, and circulating immune complexes. This action supports the immune system and detoxification pathways. When taken on an empty stomach, the enzymes are absorbed into the circulatory system to perform these systemic tasks.
Understanding the Major Enzyme Types
The most common systemic enzymes are Serrapeptase, Nattokinase, Bromelain, and Papain. Serrapeptase (serratiopeptidase) is a proteolytic enzyme originally isolated from the Serratia marcescens bacteria. In supplement form, it is used to break down non-living tissue, reduce swelling, and thin excess mucus in the respiratory tract.
Nattokinase is a powerful proteolytic enzyme derived from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans. The fermentation process, using Bacillus subtilis bacteria, produces this enzyme. Nattokinase is highly regarded for its ability to break down fibrin, supporting cardiovascular health and healthy blood viscosity.
Bromelain and Papain are plant-based proteases, meaning they are protein-digesting enzymes. Bromelain is extracted from the pineapple plant, while Papain comes from the papaya fruit. Both are included in systemic formulas for their anti-inflammatory and fibrin-modulating effects.
Key Factors for Choosing the Best Supplement
Potency Measurement
The most important factor in selecting a systemic enzyme supplement is potency, measured in specific activity units, not by weight in milligrams (mg). Enzymes are biological catalysts, and their effectiveness is based on the work they can do. For example, Nattokinase is measured in Fibrinolytic Units (FU), Serrapeptase in Serrapeptase Units (SPU), and Bromelain in Gelatin Digesting Units (GDU). A higher number of these units indicates greater enzyme activity and a more potent supplement.
Delivery System
The delivery system determines if the product will work systemically. Since stomach acid can deactivate protein-based enzymes, a high-quality product must use a protective mechanism. This usually involves an enteric coating or a delayed-release capsule, which prevents the enzyme from dissolving in the stomach. The coating allows the capsule to pass intact into the small intestine for release and absorption into the bloodstream.
Third-Party Testing
Look for supplements that demonstrate purity and quality through third-party testing. Reputable manufacturers use independent laboratories to verify the potency units listed on the label and confirm the absence of contaminants. This verification provides assurance regarding the product’s quality and the accuracy of its stated enzyme activity.
Important Usage Guidelines and Contraindications
To ensure systemic enzymes work as intended, they must be taken away from food. The guideline is to take the supplement at least 30 to 60 minutes before eating or two hours after a meal. Taking them on an empty stomach ensures the enzymes bypass the digestive process and enter the bloodstream to perform their systemic functions.
A serious consideration is the potential for drug interactions, especially with blood-thinning medications. Enzymes like Nattokinase and Serrapeptase have fibrinolytic properties and influence blood clotting. Combining them with prescription anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) or antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin) may increase the risk of bruising or bleeding. Consult a healthcare professional before use if you are taking any medication that affects blood coagulation.
Systemic enzymes are not recommended for individuals with specific health conditions, such as bleeding disorders or ulcers. It is advised to stop taking these supplements at least one week before any scheduled surgery, including dental procedures, to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding. Always discuss any new supplement regimen with a healthcare provider to determine appropriate usage and check for contraindications.