Acid reflux, commonly experienced as heartburn, occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. This happens because the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular valve between the esophagus and the stomach, temporarily relaxes or weakens. The acidic mixture irritates the delicate esophageal lining, causing a burning sensation. While chronic acid reflux, known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), often requires medical intervention, many people seek natural supplements to manage discomfort and support digestive health. These supplements address the problem by coating irritated tissue, supporting the overall digestive process, or improving the function of the LES itself.
Supplements that Soothe and Protect the Esophagus
Some natural remedies offer immediate, mechanical relief by creating a physical barrier against stomach acid. These supplements are rich in mucilage, a gel-like substance that swells when mixed with water, coating the irritated mucous membranes of the esophagus. This provides a soothing layer of protection.
Slippery Elm is derived from the inner bark of the Ulmus rubra tree and is known for its high mucilage content. When consumed, it forms a thick film that shields the esophageal lining from acid, helping reduce the painful burning sensation. Similarly, Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) acts as a demulcent, containing polysaccharides that form a protective gel. These supplements are often recommended shortly before meals or before bed to ensure the protective coating is in place when acid exposure is most likely.
Supplements that Support Digestive Balance
Other supplements focus on optimizing the digestive environment and processes to address potential root causes of reflux. Efficient food breakdown is important because delayed gastric emptying increases pressure in the stomach, which can encourage reflux.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains compounds like gingerols and shogaols that accelerate gastric emptying, moving food out of the stomach more quickly. This anti-inflammatory agent also helps to soothe the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Digestive enzymes, such as proteases, lipases, and amylases, assist in the swift and complete breakdown of food. When food is not properly digested, it can sit in the stomach longer, increasing abdominal pressure and contributing to the backflow of contents into the esophagus. Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria, influence gut motility and support a healthy balance of microbes. Specific strains, including Lactobacillus gasseri and Bifidobacterium bifidum, have shown promise in managing upper gastrointestinal symptoms by promoting healthy movement.
Supplements that Strengthen the Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Some options target structural or functional improvements for more lasting relief by improving the LES barrier through hormonal or mucosal pathways.
Melatonin, a hormone known primarily for regulating sleep cycles, is also produced in high concentrations within the gastrointestinal tract, where it acts as a powerful antioxidant. Research suggests that melatonin can increase the tone and pressure of the LES, helping the valve tighten more effectively. It also promotes the healing of the esophageal and gastric mucosa. Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) is licorice root from which the compound glycyrrhizin has been removed to prevent potential side effects. DGL stimulates the body to produce more protective mucus in the stomach and esophagus. This enhanced mucosal layer acts as a reinforced barrier, promoting local healing and increasing the tissue’s resilience to acid injury.
Safety, Dosage, and When to Consult a Doctor
Demulcent herbs like Slippery Elm and Marshmallow Root should be taken separately from medications, ideally two to four hours apart, as their mucilage can physically interfere with the absorption of drugs. For Melatonin, studies supporting its use for reflux often suggest a starting dosage of 3 to 6 milligrams taken before bed. DGL is often used in chewable lozenge form, with a common suggestion being two to four 380 milligram lozenges taken before meals.
Ginger should be used in moderation, as high doses (exceeding 6 grams) may cause or worsen heartburn symptoms. Probiotics are generally well-tolerated, but a temporary increase in gas or bloating can occur as the digestive system adjusts. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you are taking blood thinners, diabetes medication, or blood pressure medication, as some interactions are possible. Seek immediate medical attention for warning signs such as chronic, severe pain, difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, or vomiting blood, as these symptoms indicate a condition that requires professional diagnosis and treatment.