Elbow tendonitis is a common condition resulting from overuse or repetitive strain on the forearm tendons. While the term “tendonitis” suggests inflammation, the condition often involves degenerative changes in the tendon tissue, known as tendinopathy. Utilizing an external support device is a common non-invasive strategy to manage the pain. Selecting the most effective support requires understanding the specific area of discomfort and how different braces function to relieve tension. This guide explores the types of elbow tendonitis and compares available brace designs.
The Two Primary Types of Elbow Tendonitis
The elbow joint is the attachment point for the muscles controlling the wrist and fingers, and the location of pain dictates the diagnosis. Elbow tendon complaints fall into two categories based on which side of the elbow is affected.
Lateral Epicondylitis, or Tennis Elbow, causes pain on the outside of the elbow joint. This condition affects the tendons of the wrist extensor muscles, which originate from the bony bump called the lateral epicondyle. Repetitive motions, such as gripping and extending the wrist, create micro-tears in these tendons, leading to pain just outside the elbow.
Medial Epicondylitis, or Golfer’s Elbow, results in pain on the inner side of the elbow. This involves the tendons of the wrist flexor and forearm pronator muscles, which attach to the medial epicondyle. This condition is triggered by repetitive wrist flexion and rotation, often seen in activities requiring a strong grip.
How Braces Provide Relief
Elbow supports primarily function through two mechanisms to alleviate strain on the injured tendon. The most direct method is load reduction, or offloading, which shifts mechanical stress away from the painful tendon insertion point. By applying compression to the muscle belly in the forearm, a brace changes the angle of pull and the force transferred through the tendon onto the bone.
This mechanical change effectively lengthens the working unit of the muscle, reducing tension at the origin where the damage is located. Supports also assist with vibration dampening, absorbing shock transmitted through the forearm during impact or gripping activities. Reducing these micro-vibrations can dull pain signals and prevent further irritation to the damaged tissue.
Comparing Brace Designs
The appropriate brace design depends on the location and severity of the tendonitis. The counterforce strap, a simple band worn on the forearm, is the primary support for both lateral and medial epicondylitis. This design provides specific, localized pressure on the muscle belly just below the elbow, achieving the load reduction necessary for healing the tendons. For maximum effectiveness, the strap should be positioned a few centimeters below the elbow crease, ensuring the padded section sits directly over the most tender part of the muscle.
Compression sleeves offer general support, warmth, and increased proprioception. These sleeves cover the entire joint, applying uniform pressure that helps reduce mild swelling and can be beneficial for chronic aching or recovery. However, a sleeve does not provide the targeted tendon offloading of a counterforce strap, making it more suitable for milder cases or comfort during sleep.
For severe or chronic cases, or following a significant injury, a rigid or hinged support may be necessary. These structured braces physically limit the range of motion of the elbow joint, preventing hyperextension or excessive strain. Such restrictive devices are generally used under professional guidance when the goal is to significantly immobilize the joint during the initial stages of recovery.
Selecting the Right Fit and Material
Effective relief depends on selecting the correct size and material. To ensure proper fit, accurately measure the circumference of your forearm one to two inches below the elbow crease. The brace must fit snugly enough to provide compression without causing numbness, tingling, or restricting circulation, which indicates it is too tight.
The material composition impacts both comfort and durability. Knit fabrics and nylon blends are favored for their breathability, which helps prevent skin irritation and excessive sweating during activity. While neoprene provides warmth and compression, it may be too hot for extended use in warm environments.
A brace is most effective when worn strategically, primarily during activities that cause pain or involve repetitive movements. The support manages symptoms during use, but it does not replace the need for a comprehensive rehabilitation program. The underlying muscle and tendon still require strengthening through targeted exercises and physical therapy to restore tendon health.