Dog allergies are an immune system reaction to proteins in a dog’s dander, saliva, and urine. When a sensitive individual encounters these proteins, their immune system identifies them as harmful. This triggers responses like sneezing, a runny nose, itchy eyes, and skin reactions. The most suitable medication depends on the specific symptoms and their severity.
Over-the-Counter Allergy Relief
Many individuals first seek relief from dog allergy symptoms using non-prescription medications. Oral antihistamines are a common choice, working by blocking histamine, a chemical the body releases during an allergic reaction. This action helps reduce sneezing, itching, and a runny nose.
Older antihistamines, like diphenhydramine, can cause drowsiness because they cross into the brain. Newer options, such as loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine, cause less drowsiness as they primarily block histamine receptors outside the brain. They offer effective symptom control.
Nasal sprays with cromolyn sodium can prevent histamine release if used regularly before exposure. Allergy eye drops can soothe itchy, watery eyes.
Prescription Medications for Dog Allergies
When over-the-counter options do not control severe or persistent dog allergy symptoms, healthcare providers often prescribe stronger medications. Nasal corticosteroids, such as fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate, reduce inflammation in the nasal passages.
Prescription-strength antihistamine nasal sprays, like azelastine, offer targeted and rapid relief for nasal symptoms by blocking histamine at the site. Leukotriene modifiers, such as montelukast, block inflammatory chemicals released during allergic reactions, providing another pathway for symptom reduction. All prescription treatments require medical evaluation for appropriate use and monitoring.
Long-Term Solutions and Immunotherapy
Beyond daily symptom management, some approaches aim to modify the immune system’s response to dog allergens over time. Allergen immunotherapy, which includes allergy shots or sublingual tablets, involves gradual exposure to increasing doses of specific allergens. This trains the immune system to become less reactive, building lasting tolerance.
Allergy shots, administered by injection, typically follow a schedule of increasing doses over several months, followed by maintenance injections for three to five years. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) involves placing a tablet or drops containing allergens under the tongue, usually daily, to achieve a similar desensitization.
Both forms of immunotherapy require a long-term commitment but can provide lasting relief by changing how the immune system responds. An allergist typically oversees this process.
Environmental Management Strategies
Controlling exposure to dog allergens in the home complements medical treatments. Since pet dander, saliva, and urine proteins accumulate on surfaces, reducing their presence can alleviate symptoms. Using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) purifiers can capture airborne allergens, improving indoor air quality.
Environmental management strategies include:
Frequent vacuuming with a HEPA filter helps remove allergens from carpets and upholstery.
Regularly wash bedding, including pet bedding, in hot water.
Use allergen-proof covers on mattresses and pillows.
Bathe the dog frequently to reduce dander shed.
Limit the pet’s access to certain rooms, particularly bedrooms.
When to Consult an Allergist
Consult an allergist if dog allergy symptoms are severe, persistent, or affect daily life. An allergist can conduct tests, such as skin prick or blood tests, to confirm specific allergens. This clarity helps develop a targeted treatment approach.
An allergist can create a comprehensive, individualized treatment plan. This plan might combine specific medications, allergen immunotherapy, and environmental control recommendations. Consulting a specialist ensures all aspects of the allergy are addressed, leading to more effective and sustainable management.