The designation of an official state flower is a common practice across the United States, serving as a powerful symbol of regional identity. These floral emblems are often selected to represent the natural beauty, cultural heritage, or historical significance of the state. The chosen flower becomes a point of civic pride, frequently appearing on state seals, flags, or other governmental insignia.
The Official State Flower: The Camellia
The official state flower is the Camellia, adopted due to its widespread presence and popularity among gardeners. The state legislature first designated the Camellia in 1959, replacing the Goldenrod which had held the title since 1927. This decision reflected a shift towards a more ornamental and durable species cultivated throughout the state.
The specific species, Camellia japonica L., was later formalized as the official state flower within the Code of Alabama. Although the plant is not native to the United States, originating in East Asia, it flourishes in the mild climate of the Southeastern region. The Camellia’s reputation for blooming during the colder months contributed to its appeal and selection as a state symbol.
Characteristics and Cultivation of the Camellia
The Camellia is an evergreen shrub, prized for its glossy, dark green foliage. Its most striking feature is its large, waxy flowers, which appear in various forms, including single, semi-double, and formal double blooms. These showy flowers are typically found in shades of white, pink, or red. The main blooming period for Camellia japonica occurs from mid-winter to early spring, offering vibrant color when many other plants are dormant.
Successful cultivation requires attention to needs common to acid-loving plants. The shrub thrives best in fertile, well-drained soil that maintains a slightly acidic pH, ideally between 5.0 and 6.5. Most Camellias perform optimally in partial or dappled shade, which protects their leaves from scorching. Consistent moisture is also necessary, particularly during the summer months when the plants are setting flower buds for the following season.
Alabama’s State Wildflower Designation
A separate designation exists to honor the state’s native flora. In 1999, the Alabama legislature officially named the Oak-leaf Hydrangea, Hydrangea quercifolia Bartr., as the state wildflower. This designation recognizes a plant naturally indigenous to the state. The Oak-leaf Hydrangea is a deciduous shrub found growing across the state, from wooded stream banks to ravines.
The species is known for its distinctive leaves, which are deeply lobed and resemble oak foliage, lending the plant its common name. In the spring and early summer, the shrub produces large, cone-shaped clusters of white flowers. As the season progresses, these blooms often transition to a deep rose color. The leaves also change dramatically in the fall, shifting to rich shades of deep red and burgundy before dropping for the winter.