African Sumac (Rhus lancea) is a resilient evergreen tree or large shrub known for its adaptability in arid and semi-arid regions. Its natural form and dense canopy make it a favored choice for landscapes seeking greenery and shade year-round. This species thrives in challenging environments, tolerating heat, aridity, and various soil conditions. It is a popular selection for xeriscaping and sustainable garden designs, flourishing with minimal water once established.
Understanding African Sumac Growth Rate
African sumac is generally considered a moderate to moderately fast-growing plant. Under favorable conditions, this tree typically grows about 24 inches (2 feet) annually. Some reports indicate growth can reach up to 3 feet per year, especially when young and well-cared for.
It commonly reaches 20 to 30 feet in height and an equal or greater spread. Its low-branching habit and rounded canopy develop over time, providing substantial coverage. While some sources classify it as slow-growing, it generally exhibits steady growth, reaching its mature dimensions within a reasonable timeframe.
Factors Influencing African Sumac Growth
Several environmental and care factors directly impact the growth rate of African sumac. Providing optimal conditions can encourage more vigorous development, while deficiencies may slow its progress.
African sumac thrives in full sun exposure. While it can tolerate partial shade, planting it in a location that receives ample direct sunlight will generally promote a faster and more robust growth habit. Adequate light provides the energy needed for rapid development.
The tree is adaptable to a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, but it performs best in well-drained conditions. Good drainage prevents root rot, particularly in heavier soils. African sumac also tolerates alkaline (calcareous) soils, beneficial in many arid regions.
While African sumac is notably drought-tolerant once established, supplemental deep watering can significantly enhance its growth rate and mature size. During dry periods, providing deep irrigation every two weeks after establishment is often recommended to support more vigorous growth. Allow the soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot, as overwatering is a common pitfall.
This species is well-suited to warm climates, thriving in USDA Hardiness Zones 8 through 11. It exhibits a strong tolerance for high heat and can withstand brief periods of frost, with established trees surviving temperatures down to 15 degrees Fahrenheit.
African sumac is not a heavy feeder, but established trees benefit from occasional nutrient supplementation. Applying a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 blend) once a year in spring before new growth supports its development. High-nitrogen fertilizers during active growth phases (spring and early summer) encourage foliage development. Avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to issues like leaf burn or excessive vegetative growth.
Managing African Sumac Growth
Thoughtful management practices ensure African sumac integrates well into any landscape. Its relatively fast growth quickly achieves desired effects for shade, privacy, or screening.
Strategic planting is important; spacing trees about 15 feet apart allows for individual development and creates a continuous screen. However, due to leaf and fruit drop, avoid planting it directly over patios or near swimming pools. Its robust nature and extensive root system can outcompete nearby plants in some desert environments.
Regular pruning is a key aspect of managing African sumac, helping to maintain its desired size, shape, and overall health. The best time for pruning is during the winter months when the tree is dormant, minimizing stress on the plant. This practice includes removing any dead, diseased, or unhealthy limbs to promote vigorous new growth.
Additionally, remove suckers from the roots and water sprouts (thin, leggy branches shooting up from the canopy). African sumac can be trained as a single-trunk or multi-trunk specimen, depending on aesthetic preference. While it tolerates heavy pruning, a less-is-more approach often guides its natural form.