Identifying an unknown pill is challenging, as a simple number like “18” is rarely enough for accurate identification. Many medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, can feature this imprint. To properly determine a pill’s identity, consider other physical characteristics such as its shape, color, and additional markings. Given the potential health risks of taking an unidentified substance, understanding how to identify medications safely is important.
The Most Common “18” Pills
Two medications commonly feature the “18” imprint: Sertraline 100 mg and Methylphenidate 18 mg extended-release.
Sertraline, often known by its brand name Zoloft, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant. It is typically a white, round, or oval tablet, though generic versions can vary. Sertraline treats major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood. Common side effects include nausea, changes in sleep patterns, headaches, dry mouth, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, and sweating.
Methylphenidate 18 mg, known by its extended-release brand Concerta, is a central nervous system stimulant. Concerta tablets are typically capsule-shaped and may be yellow, grey, white, or brownish-red, with “alza” and the dosage imprinted, such as “alza 18”. This medication is primarily prescribed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged six and older and in adults up to 65, and it is also used for narcolepsy. Methylphenidate works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the brain, neurotransmitters that play a role in attention and focus. Common side effects include stomach pain, loss of appetite, headaches, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, and sleep problems.
Less Common “18” Pills
Beyond the more common medications, other drugs may also bear an “18” imprint.
One such medication is Desmopressin Acetate. This synthetic hormone manages conditions like central diabetes insipidus, which causes excessive thirst and urination, and primary nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting). It functions by mimicking vasopressin, a natural hormone that helps the body regulate water balance and reduce urine production.
Another less common medication with an “18” imprint is Amoxapine, historically marketed as Asendin. Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used to treat depression symptoms, particularly when accompanied by anxiety. It works by increasing serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, which influence mood. While effective, Amoxapine is not typically a first-choice antidepressant due to a higher risk of side effects compared to newer options.
The “18 Pill” of History
In historical contexts, the “18 pill” has sometimes been associated with Quaaludes, whose active ingredient is methaqualone. Quaaludes were a sedative-hypnotic drug popular in the 1970s and early 1980s, often used recreationally for their relaxing and disinhibiting effects. These pills were typically imprinted with “714” or “Lemmon 714,” though variations existed. Methaqualone was initially introduced as a safer alternative to barbiturates for inducing sleep and reducing anxiety.
However, due to its high potential for abuse, dependence, and associated risks, methaqualone was reclassified and made illegal in the United States in 1984, becoming a Schedule I controlled substance. While illicitly manufactured versions may occasionally surface, finding a legitimate Quaalude today is highly improbable. Any substance presented as a Quaalude is likely counterfeit, potentially containing dangerous and unregulated compounds like benzodiazepines or fentanyl.
Safe Handling and Identification
Encountering an unknown pill requires a cautious approach. It is important to never consume a pill that cannot be positively identified, as this poses significant health risks, including adverse reactions, drug interactions, or overdose. The appearance of a pill alone is insufficient for identification, emphasizing the need for comprehensive details.
For accurate identification, consulting a healthcare professional like a pharmacist or doctor is recommended. They possess resources and expertise to identify medications based on various characteristics, including imprint codes, shape, color, and score lines. Online pill identifier tools can also be supplementary resources, but they should be used with caution and not replace professional medical advice. When using these tools, input all available information: any numbers or letters imprinted on the pill, its shape (e.g., round, oval, triangular), and its color. If no positive identification can be made, or if there is any doubt, contact a poison control center immediately. Proper disposal of unknown or expired medications is also important to prevent accidental ingestion or misuse.