“Teeth shaving” is an informal term for a controlled dental procedure that involves carefully reshaping the outermost layer of the tooth, known as enamel. This minimally invasive process corrects minor imperfections in the tooth’s shape, length, or surface. Dentists utilize this technique to make small, subtle changes that improve both the appearance and function of a person’s bite while ensuring the structural integrity of the tooth remains sound.
Defining Teeth Shaving and Its Various Names
The procedure commonly referred to as teeth shaving is professionally known as Enameloplasty or Interproximal Reduction (IPR). Enameloplasty, or dental contouring, is used for cosmetic reshaping of a tooth’s edges or surface, such as smoothing chips or correcting minor length discrepancies. IPR is a specific type of enamel removal performed between the teeth to create space for orthodontic treatment.
Both procedures are limited exclusively to the enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. Since enamel does not contain nerve endings, the procedure can be performed without significant discomfort. The removal is permanent, requiring a precise approach from the dental professional.
How the Procedure is Performed
The actual process of teeth shaving is quick and precise, often taking only a few minutes per tooth. Since the procedure is restricted to the non-innervated enamel layer, local anesthesia is typically not necessary, meaning the patient remains comfortable throughout the process. Patients may feel a slight vibration or pressure, but generally no pain is experienced.
The dentist uses specialized instruments to gently remove the enamel, selecting the tool based on the location and amount of reduction needed. Tools include thin, flexible abrasive strips for manual IPR, or fine diamond-coated burs and sanding discs mounted on a slow-speed dental handpiece for precise contouring.
Throughout the process, the dental professional uses small gauges to measure the exact amount of enamel removed to ensure accuracy and prevent excessive reduction. After the desired amount of material is removed, the treated surfaces are meticulously polished to restore smoothness. This final polishing step is important for preventing plaque accumulation and maintaining the health of the remaining enamel.
Specific Dental Applications and Limitations
Teeth shaving is commonly utilized in two main areas of dentistry: orthodontics and cosmetic enhancement. In orthodontic treatment, particularly with clear aligners, IPR is frequently employed to gain the necessary space for crowded teeth to move into their correct positions, often avoiding the need for tooth extractions. The procedure is also used to correct “black triangles,” which are small gaps that can appear between teeth near the gumline after alignment.
For cosmetic purposes, enameloplasty is used to correct minor chips, smooth rough edges, or adjust the length of teeth that appear slightly uneven. The primary limitation of the procedure is the amount of enamel that can be safely removed from each tooth. To preserve the tooth’s structural integrity and avoid sensitivity, dentists limit the reduction, typically removing no more than 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters of enamel from a single surface. This controlled removal ensures that the underlying dentin remains adequately protected.
Risks, Aftercare, and Alternative Options
When performed correctly by a skilled professional, the risks associated with teeth shaving are minimal. The most common side effect is temporary tooth sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, which usually subsides within a few days. A rare but serious risk is the removal of too much enamel, which can weaken the tooth structure, increase the risk of decay, or lead to permanent sensitivity.
Proper aftercare is straightforward and focuses on maintaining excellent oral hygiene to protect the newly contoured surfaces. Dentists often apply a fluoride varnish to the treated area immediately after the procedure to help remineralize and strengthen the remaining enamel. Patients should continue their normal routine of brushing with a fluoride toothpaste and flossing daily.
Alternatives exist for individuals who need more substantial changes or wish to avoid enamel removal. Dental bonding involves applying a tooth-colored resin material to reshape the tooth, offering an additive and reversible option. For significant cosmetic changes, porcelain veneers can be bonded to the front surface of the teeth, though this requires more extensive enamel preparation. Full orthodontic treatment without IPR, which may involve extraction, is also an option for severe crowding.