Human Growth Hormone (HGH) is a naturally occurring polypeptide hormone produced and released by the pituitary gland, a pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain. This hormone plays a role in various bodily functions, including growth during childhood and adolescence, as well as metabolism and tissue maintenance throughout life. Synthetic HGH is a manufactured version of this hormone. It is designed to mimic the effects of the body’s natural HGH.
Natural vs. Synthetic HGH
Natural HGH, also known as somatotropin, is primarily responsible for stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration. It promotes the growth of bones and muscles, supports metabolism, and influences overall physical health. The pituitary gland synthesizes and secretes HGH, with highest levels typically occurring during deep sleep.
Synthetic HGH, referred to as somatropin, is a pharmaceutical product developed using recombinant DNA technology. It is structurally identical to naturally occurring HGH. The development of synthetic HGH in 1985 provided a pure source, addressing previous reliance on cadaver-derived HGH, which carried contamination risks like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This advancement allowed for broader medical applications.
Applications of Synthetic HGH
Synthetic HGH has several legitimate medical applications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In children, it treats poor growth stemming from conditions like growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. It is also approved for children with chronic kidney disease leading to growth failure, and those born small for their gestational age.
For adults, approved uses include muscle wasting associated with HIV/AIDS and adult growth hormone deficiency, often due to rare pituitary tumors or their treatment. Synthetic HGH is administered as an injectable medication.
Beyond approved medical uses, synthetic HGH is sometimes used off-label for purposes such as anti-aging, bodybuilding, and athletic performance enhancement. Proponents believe it can increase muscle mass, reduce body fat, and improve recovery. However, these non-medical uses are not scientifically supported or FDA-approved.
Adverse Effects and Safety Concerns
Using synthetic HGH, especially without medical supervision or in excessive doses, can lead to adverse health effects. Common side effects include joint pain, muscle pain, and fluid retention, which can manifest as swelling in the hands and feet. Some individuals may also experience carpal tunnel syndrome, with numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and fingers, due to increased tissue growth and water retention.
More serious long-term risks are associated with synthetic HGH use. It can impact glucose metabolism, increasing the risk of developing insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Excessive HGH can also lead to acromegaly, a condition where bones in the jaws, fingers, and toes thicken, causing an enlarged appearance of the face, hands, and feet. There are also concerns about potential links to certain cancers and an increased risk of cardiovascular issues, though long-term studies regarding cancer risk have shown conflicting results.
Regulation and Misuse
Synthetic HGH is a prescription-only drug in many countries, including the United States. In the U.S., its distribution and possession for non-medical uses are criminalized under the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990.
Illicit acquisition and use present dangers. Individuals may obtain it through unregulated sources like the black market or unauthorized online pharmacies. Products from these sources may be contaminated, mislabeled, or contain incorrect dosages, posing serious health risks. Furthermore, HGH is prohibited in professional sports by organizations like the World Anti-Doping Agency and the International Olympic Committee.