Group C Streptococcus, often referred to as Strep C, is a type of bacterial infection. These bacteria belong to a larger family of spherical, gram-positive bacteria known as Streptococcus. Like other streptococci, they tend to form pairs or chains when they grow. This particular group of bacteria can lead to various health issues in humans.
Understanding Strep C
Group C Streptococcus refers to a collection of bacteria classified by specific carbohydrates on their cell wall, known as Lancefield grouping. While Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) is a primary human pathogen within this group, other species, such as Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus, are also part of Group C and can infect various mammals, including horses and cattle.
These bacteria are commonly found in human throats, on the skin, and can reside harmlessly in the intestines. While Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) is a common cause of strep throat, Group C streptococci are increasingly recognized as a cause of human infections, including pharyngitis. These bacteria can also be zoonotic, meaning they can pass from animals to humans.
Signs and Transmission
Strep C infections can manifest with various symptoms. These include a sore throat (pharyngitis), which may involve sudden throat pain, high fever, and difficulty swallowing. Skin and soft tissue infections, such as cellulitis or impetigo, are also common.
More severe infections, though less common, can include bloodstream infections (bacteremia) that require urgent antibiotic treatment. Strep C infections typically transmit through person-to-person contact, via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or direct contact with wounds or contaminated surfaces. Individuals with underlying health conditions like malignancy, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or weakened immune systems may be more susceptible to serious infections.
Diagnosis and Managing the Infection
Diagnosing Strep C infections typically involves laboratory tests to identify the bacteria. A healthcare provider may take a throat swab or a sample from a skin lesion. These samples can be used for rapid antigen detection tests, which provide quick results, or for bacterial culture to confirm its presence and identify the specific type.
A definitive diagnosis is important for appropriate treatment and to distinguish Strep C from other infections. Antibiotic therapy is the standard approach for managing Strep C infections. Penicillin and amoxicillin are commonly prescribed. Antibiotics help alleviate symptoms and prevent potential complications.
Good hygiene practices are important for managing symptoms and preventing the spread of infection. Regular handwashing, especially after coughing or sneezing, helps reduce transmission. Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow also prevents the spread of respiratory droplets.