A straight catheter is a medical device used to temporarily drain urine from the bladder. This procedure, known as straight catheterization or intermittent self-catheterization, is a common, often self-administered technique for individuals unable to empty their bladder naturally.
What is a Straight Catheter?
A straight catheter is a slender, flexible tube, typically made from plastic (PVC) or rubber. Unlike indwelling catheters, such as Foley catheters, straight catheters lack a balloon to keep them in place. They are inserted to drain urine and immediately removed once the bladder is empty. This “in-and-out” method reduces infection risk compared to catheters left in the body.
The catheter has a tip with eyelets for urine entry and a funnel end for drainage. Some are pre-lubricated or have a hydrophilic coating; others require manual lubrication. They come in various lengths and diameters, with size determined by a healthcare professional.
Common Reasons for Straight Catheterization
Straight catheterization is necessary for urinary retention, when the bladder cannot empty effectively. This inability stems from various medical conditions affecting bladder function, such as neurological conditions like spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, or spina bifida, which disrupt nerve signals controlling bladder emptying.
After certain surgical procedures, temporary bladder dysfunction may require catheterization. Bladder dysfunction, including overflow incontinence, may also necessitate this procedure to prevent uncontrolled leakage and potential kidney damage. A straight catheter may also be used to obtain sterile urine samples or to monitor urine output in critically ill patients.
How Straight Catheterization is Performed
Performing straight catheterization involves specific steps for hygiene. The process begins with thorough handwashing and gathering supplies: catheter, lubricating jelly, and a collection container if not draining directly into a toilet. Proper cleaning of the urethral area, often with soap and water or antiseptic solution, minimizes infection risk.
Once clean, the catheter tip is lubricated for smooth insertion. It is gently inserted into the urethra until urine flows, advancing slightly further to ensure full bladder entry. Urine drains completely, then the catheter is slowly removed. Healthcare professionals teach the correct technique, emphasizing sterility and proper handling.
After the Procedure
After straight catheterization, some sensations are common, but it should not be painful. Single-use catheters require proper disposal; reusable ones need thorough cleaning with soap and water and air-drying. Maintaining good urethral hygiene is important, especially with regular catheterization.
Monitoring for signs of potential problems is important. Symptoms such as pain or burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate with little output, or pain in the lower back or abdomen could indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). Other signs of infection include cloudy urine, strong-smelling urine, fever, chills, or pus or blood in the urine. If any of these symptoms occur, seek medical advice promptly. Drinking plenty of fluids can help maintain bladder health and flush the urinary system.