Softscape refers to the living, mutable elements within a landscape design that provide organic character and aesthetic fluidity. Unlike fixed structures, softscape features are dynamic, constantly growing, evolving, and changing with the seasons and climate conditions. This category encompasses all the horticultural components that bring life, color, and natural texture to an outdoor space.
Defining Softscape Elements
The specific components that constitute softscape are entirely organic and perishable, ranging from the smallest groundcover to the largest shade tree. Plant materials form the largest category, including trees, shrubs, annuals, perennials, and ornamental grasses. These living elements are selected based on their mature size, light requirements, and the color, scent, and texture they contribute across the year.
Beyond the visible plant life, softscape also incorporates the growing medium that sustains it, most notably the soil and its amendments. Healthy soil, topsoil, and compost are foundational elements, providing the necessary nutrients, water retention, and aeration for root systems to thrive.
Temporary or perishable ground coverings are also classified as softscape materials. Mulch, for instance, is an organic material that improves soil structure, helps retain moisture, and suppresses weed growth. Similarly, turfgrass or sod, which forms a lawn, is a living softscape element that requires consistent maintenance, such as mowing and trimming.
Softscape vs. Hardscape
The concept of softscape is best understood in direct contrast with hardscape, which comprises all the inanimate, unchanging materials used in a landscape. Hardscape elements include fixed structures made of stone, concrete, brick, or wood, such as patios, walkways, and retaining walls. The difference lies in permanence and biological activity; softscape is living and dynamic, while hardscape is non-living and stationary.
A landscape designer must balance these two opposing categories to create a cohesive and functional outdoor environment. Hardscape provides the necessary structure, organization, and defined space, acting as the architectural framework of the garden. Conversely, softscape introduces biological softness and variability to prevent the space from appearing sterile.
To illustrate the boundary, a stone retaining wall is hardscape, but the soil it holds back and the shrubs planted within the resulting raised bed are softscape. Hardscape is typically installed first because it dictates the fixed boundaries and elevations of the site. The softscape then follows, fitting into the framework and often softening the rigid lines of the installed paving or vertical structures.
The Role of Softscape in Landscape Design
Softscape’s contribution to landscape design extends beyond mere aesthetics, encompassing several functional roles. Strategically placed plants help manage the environment by controlling soil erosion. Their root systems stabilize the ground and absorb stormwater runoff, assisting in overall site drainage.
On an aesthetic level, softscape introduces texture, scale, and seasonal variation that hard materials cannot replicate. Plants provide sensory elements through color in their blooms and foliage, unique textures, and various scents. Large trees and shrubs can regulate the microclimate of a space by providing shade.
The selection of appropriate softscape elements supports local ecology by promoting biodiversity. Choosing native plants provides habitats and food sources for local insect populations, birds, and other wildlife. This integration of living material ensures the landscape is a functioning part of the natural ecosystem.