Skin glue, also known as medical adhesive or tissue adhesive, is a sterile, liquid substance used by healthcare professionals to close certain types of wounds. It forms a strong, protective bond across the edges of a cut or laceration, holding the skin together as it heals. This method offers an alternative to traditional stitches or staples for appropriate injuries.
The Science Behind Skin Glue
Medical skin glues are primarily composed of cyanoacrylate esters, formulated for medical use. These formulations are biocompatible. When the liquid glue contacts moisture on the skin, a chemical reaction occurs.
This reaction, known as polymerization, causes the liquid monomers to rapidly link together, forming a strong, flexible, and waterproof polymer film. This film acts as a bandage, adhering the wound edges together and creating a barrier against external contaminants.
When Skin Glue is Used
Skin glue is commonly employed for closing minor cuts and lacerations that are relatively shallow and have clean, straight edges. It is particularly suitable for wounds that are not under significant tension, meaning the skin edges can be easily brought together without much pulling. Examples include small cuts sustained during daily activities or minor surgical incisions.
It finds frequent application on areas of the body that are not subject to a lot of movement or stretching, such as the face, torso, or limbs. The use of skin glue can be a preferred option for superficial wounds in children due to its painless application and the avoidance of needle sticks.
Important Considerations for Use
It is often chosen for linear cuts that are not deep enough to involve underlying muscle or fat. The adhesive creates a flexible seal, which can be beneficial in areas where some movement occurs.
Skin glue is not suitable for all types of wounds. It should not be used on deep or jagged wounds, puncture wounds, or animal bites, as these require more robust closure or present a higher risk of infection. Wounds that are actively bleeding, infected, or located in areas of high skin tension, such as joints, are also not candidates for skin glue. It is avoided on mucous membranes, such as inside the mouth or near the eyes, due to potential irritation or difficulty in application.
Caring for a Glued Wound
After a wound has been closed with skin glue, proper care helps ensure optimal healing and prevents complications. It is important to keep the glued area dry for the first 24-48 hours to allow the adhesive to fully set and bond. Patients should avoid soaking the wound in water, such as during baths or swimming, until the glue naturally flakes off.
The glue will shed on its own within 5 to 10 days as the skin heals and new cells replace the outer layer. Patients should avoid picking, scratching, or scrubbing the glued area, as this can disrupt the bond and potentially reopen the wound. Signs of complications, such as increasing redness, swelling, pus, or a spreading red streak, warrant immediate medical attention.