“Shark teeth” is a term parents encounter when a child’s permanent teeth emerge before the primary or “baby” teeth have fallen out. This results in a temporary double row of teeth, reminiscent of a shark’s multiple sets. While surprising, it is a frequent occurrence in children’s dental development. Most instances are not a cause for significant concern and often resolve naturally as part of the normal tooth shedding process.
Why Permanent Teeth Erupt Behind Baby Teeth
Tooth replacement involves the permanent tooth developing beneath a baby tooth and exerting pressure on its root. This pressure initiates root resorption, where the baby tooth’s root gradually dissolves. As the root resorbs, the baby tooth loosens and eventually falls out, creating space for the permanent tooth to erupt into its proper position.
However, “shark teeth” develop when the permanent tooth emerges before the baby tooth has shed. This happens because the permanent tooth does not erupt directly underneath the baby tooth but rather at a slight angle, often on the tongue side (lingual side) of the dental arch, particularly in the lower front teeth. In such cases, the permanent tooth may miss the baby tooth’s root, preventing root resorption. This allows the baby tooth to remain firmly in place while the permanent tooth appears behind it.
This phenomenon is commonly observed around ages 5 to 7, coinciding with the eruption of the lower central and lateral incisors. A second period for “shark teeth” to appear is between ages 11 and 12, when the upper back molars begin to emerge. While the timing of tooth eruption can vary among children, the overall sequence remains consistent, with lower teeth erupting before upper teeth.
When to Consult a Dentist
While “shark teeth” are a temporary phase, certain indicators suggest professional dental advice. Consult a dentist if the baby tooth remains firmly in place for an extended period after the permanent tooth has significantly emerged, typically more than two to three months. This prolonged retention can prevent the permanent tooth from moving into its correct alignment.
Also consult a dentist if the child experiences pain or discomfort beyond the sensations of a loose tooth, or if there are difficulties with chewing or speaking. If the permanent tooth appears significantly misaligned or crooked, or if there are concerns about overcrowding in the dental arch, a dental evaluation is recommended. Regular dental check-ups are important for monitoring the child’s oral development and addressing any issues early.
Approaches to Managing Shark Teeth
Often, if the baby tooth is already loose, observation is the first approach. Parents can gently encourage the child to wiggle the loose baby tooth with their tongue or clean fingers, which can help it shed naturally. Offering crunchy foods like apples can also help loosen the stubborn tooth. Maintaining diligent oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing around both the baby and permanent teeth, prevents plaque accumulation and tooth decay.
If the baby tooth does not loosen or fall out on its own, a dentist may recommend an extraction. This procedure is straightforward and allows the permanent tooth to move into its correct position. Once space is created, the child’s tongue guides the permanent tooth forward, helping it align within the dental arch. For persistent crowding or misalignment after baby tooth removal, an orthodontic consultation may be suggested for long-term alignment.