Sacral torsion is a type of pelvic misalignment affecting musculoskeletal health. This rotational imbalance involves a bone at the base of the spine and its connection to the hip bones. Recognizing its signs and management approaches is important for those experiencing discomfort.
The Sacrum and Pelvis
The sacrum is a triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed by the fusion of five vertebrae. It connects the spine to the pelvis and the last lumbar vertebra (L5). This bone forms the posterior wall of the pelvis, supporting the upper body when sitting or standing.
The pelvis is a basin-shaped structure composed of two large iliac bones that articulate with the sacrum. These connections form the sacroiliac (SI) joints, located on either side of the sacrum. SI joints transfer weight from the upper body to the lower limbs and act as shock absorbers for the spine. Though they have limited motion, their slight movement is important for pelvic stability and positioning.
Defining Sacral Torsion
Sacral torsion is a rotational misalignment of the sacrum relative to the iliac bones, occurring at the sacroiliac joints. The sacrum twists, either forward or backward, around an oblique axis.
This rotational dysfunction alters movement within the SI joints, often involving a complex, tri-planar motion. One side of the sacrum might become “stuck” in a specific rotational position, leading to asymmetry. This mechanical imbalance can cause discomfort and altered biomechanics in the lower back, hips, and pelvis.
Identifying Causes and Symptoms
Several factors can contribute to sacral torsion. These include trauma or injury to the pelvis or lower back, such as falls or accidents. Repetitive asymmetrical movements, common in certain sports or work habits, can also stress the sacroiliac joints. Poor posture, underlying muscle imbalances, and leg length discrepancies are frequent contributors. Pregnancy and childbirth can also affect pelvic alignment due to hormonal changes that increase ligament laxity.
Individuals with sacral torsion often report pain in the lower back, particularly on one side, and in the buttocks or hips. This pain can sometimes radiate into the leg, mimicking sciatica. Other common symptoms include stiffness or reduced range of motion in the lower back and hips, making movements like bending or twisting difficult. An altered walking pattern or a sensation that the pelvis feels “out of alignment” may also be noticed.
Managing Sacral Torsion
Addressing sacral torsion involves professional assessment for accurate diagnosis and personalized care. Manual therapies are a common approach to restore proper alignment and mobility to the sacrum and pelvis. These include osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), which uses techniques like muscle energy to address sacral dysfunctions. Chiropractic adjustments and physical therapy also employ hands-on techniques to mobilize the sacrum and reduce tension.
Beyond manual adjustments, management often addresses underlying contributing factors. This involves identifying and correcting muscle imbalances through targeted exercises that strengthen core and pelvic muscles. Physical therapy programs incorporate exercises to improve stability and flexibility, alongside education on proper body mechanics and posture. The overall goal is to restore normal function and reduce discomfort.