Placenta extract is a substance derived from the placenta, an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy to support fetal growth. It has historically garnered interest for its potential uses in various health and cosmetic applications, often incorporated into products ranging from skincare to dietary supplements.
What is Placenta Extract?
Placenta extract is a complex mixture of bioactive compounds obtained from the placenta. This temporary organ facilitates nutrient and oxygen transfer to the fetus while removing waste products. Commercial sources often include sheep, pigs, and sometimes horses, chosen for their biological similarities to human placentas.
The extraction process typically involves processing placental tissue to isolate beneficial components. Methods include subcritical water extraction or enzymatic digestion. The resulting extract is rich in amino acids, peptides, growth factors (like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)), vitamins, and minerals.
Common Applications and Claimed Effects
Placenta extract is marketed in cosmetics and dietary supplements. In cosmetics, it is featured in anti-aging creams, serums, and hair treatments. Manufacturers claim benefits such as reduced wrinkles, improved skin elasticity, and enhanced skin brightening, suggesting the extract rejuvenates skin cells and promotes collagen production.
As a dietary supplement, placenta extract is marketed for internal benefits, including boosting energy levels, supporting immune function, and balancing hormones, especially for menopausal symptoms. Traditional Chinese Medicine has historically used dried placenta, known as “zi he che,” for over 1500 years to address infertility, fatigue, and to promote vitality and wound healing.
Scientific Perspective and Evidence
Scientific research into placenta extract’s efficacy is ongoing, with much evidence considered preliminary. Some studies suggest potential for skin hydration and antioxidant properties, attributed to components like hyaluronic acid and various antioxidants. For instance, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on porcine placenta extract suggested improvements in skin hydration and reduced wrinkles after oral intake.
Research indicates placenta extract may have anti-inflammatory properties and aid in wound healing by promoting tissue regeneration and collagen synthesis. However, many findings are from animal studies or small-scale human trials, limiting generalizability. Establishing robust scientific validation is challenging due to its complex, variable composition and ethical considerations for human placenta sourcing. More large-scale clinical trials are necessary to confirm these potential effects and understand its mechanisms.
Safety Considerations and Regulatory Status
Using placenta extract products raises safety concerns, including allergic reactions. Contamination is another risk if processing is not properly controlled, as raw material could harbor pathogens or heavy metals. Lack of standardization means concentration and specific composition of bioactive compounds can vary widely, making consistent safety and efficacy assessments difficult.
Ethical considerations are important for products derived from human placentas, necessitating strict sourcing and informed consent protocols. Globally, placenta extract products are typically regulated as cosmetics or dietary supplements rather than pharmaceuticals. This classification means they undergo less stringent oversight than prescription medications. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any placenta extract product to discuss potential risks and suitability.