Pineapple Weed (Matricaria discoidea) is a common annual plant found across North America and Eurasia that belongs to the daisy family, Asteraceae. This resilient herb thrives in disturbed habitats, frequently seen growing in sidewalk cracks and compacted soil. The plant is instantly recognizable by the strong, sweet, fruity scent it releases when its flower heads or leaves are crushed, which is the source of its common name.
Key Features for Identification
Accurate identification of Matricaria discoidea relies on several distinct physical characteristics. The plant is low-growing, rarely exceeding a foot in height, and features finely divided, feathery leaves that resemble dill or fennel foliage. These leaves are typically bright green and grow alternately along the stems, which often spread out close to the ground.
The most telling feature is the flower head, which is cone-shaped or dome-like and a uniform yellowish-green color. Unlike its close relative, chamomile, pineapple weed lacks the decorative white ray petals, meaning it only has densely packed disc florets. When a flower head is gently squeezed, it releases the strong scent of ripe pineapple or apple, which is the definitive characteristic distinguishing it from similar-looking, non-aromatic weeds.
Culinary and Traditional Uses
The aromatic flower heads are the primary part of the plant used in culinary applications, offering a sweet and mild flavor profile often described as a blend of pineapple and chamomile. A tea infusion is the most popular use, made by steeping the fresh or dried flower heads in hot water for several minutes.
The infusion is known in traditional medicine for its soothing qualities, sharing many properties with its cousin, German chamomile. It has been used traditionally as a mild sedative to promote relaxation and as a carminative to aid in digestion. Beyond tea, the flowers can be added raw to salads, or used to flavor syrups, cordials, and desserts like sorbet.
Safety and Proper Harvesting
When foraging for pineapple weed, avoid plants growing in contaminated locations. Since it favors disturbed areas, plants found in high-traffic zones like roadsides, parking lots, or heavily treated lawns may contain harmful residues. These areas can harbor pesticides, herbicides, or heavy metals from car exhaust.
To harvest properly, pick only the yellowish-green flower heads, leaving the rest of the plant intact. The flowers should be thoroughly washed to remove any dust or small insects before use. Individuals with known sensitivities to plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae, such as ragweed or marigolds, should exercise caution, as they may experience an allergic reaction.