This article aims to clarify the identity and primary applications of a medication often referred to as “Pill 115.” This overview will delve into what this pill represents, its medical uses, how it functions within the body, and crucial safety information.
Identifying “Pill 115”
The term “Pill 115” can be confusing because various medications from different manufacturers might bear the imprint “115” or similar numerical codes. Pill imprints, along with shape, color, and size, serve as unique identifiers for medications. For this discussion, “Pill 115” often refers to Metformin Hydrochloride extended-release 500 mg. This dosage is commonly found as a white, oval, or round tablet, though specific imprints can vary by manufacturer.
Other pills can also have “115” or similar numbers as part of their imprints. Always cross-reference the full imprint, shape, and color with a reliable pill identification tool or consult a pharmacist to ensure correct identification.
Primary Medical Uses
Metformin Hydrochloride extended-release is primarily prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. This condition occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin effectively, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Metformin helps to improve glycemic control when combined with a proper diet and regular exercise.
Controlling high blood sugar is important for preventing serious long-term complications associated with type 2 diabetes, such as kidney damage, vision problems, nerve damage, and cardiovascular issues like heart attack or stroke. Metformin is often considered a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes by organizations like the American Diabetes Association. Beyond its primary use, Metformin may also be used off-label for conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), where it can help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles. It has also been explored for prediabetes prevention.
How the Medication Works
Metformin Hydrochloride works through several mechanisms to lower blood glucose levels without causing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) when used alone. Its main action involves reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver, a process known as hepatic glucose production. This is achieved by affecting energy metabolism within liver cells.
Additionally, Metformin improves the body’s sensitivity to insulin, allowing cells to absorb and utilize glucose more effectively from the bloodstream. It also decreases the absorption of glucose from the intestines. These combined effects help restore a more balanced blood sugar level in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Important Safety Information
Like all medications, Metformin Hydrochloride extended-release comes with important safety considerations. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, gas, and a metallic taste in the mouth. These effects are mild and may subside as the body adjusts to the medication, especially when the dose is increased slowly. Taking the medication with meals can help reduce these gastrointestinal symptoms.
A rare but serious side effect is lactic acidosis, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood. Symptoms can include unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain, dizziness, feeling cold, extreme weakness or tiredness, and a slow or irregular heart rate. This condition is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention. The risk of lactic acidosis increases in individuals with liver disease, congestive heart failure, or those who consume excessive alcohol. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment.
Several medications can interact with Metformin. For example, certain diuretics, corticosteroids, and other diabetes medications can affect blood sugar levels or the effectiveness of Metformin. Cimetidine, a medication for heartburn, can increase Metformin levels in the body, raising the risk of side effects. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking. If surgery or imaging procedures involving injected dyes are planned, Metformin may need to be temporarily stopped.
Metformin extended-release tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed, cut, or chewed, as this can affect the controlled release of the medication. Dosage is individualized and starts low, gradually increasing to a maintenance dose. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next dose. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice, and individuals should always consult their doctor or pharmacist for guidance regarding their specific health needs and medication.