Osier refers to specific species of willow (Salix genus), known for their long, flexible shoots. The correct term is “osier,” not “ossier.” This plant has held historical significance for its versatile, pliable branches, used in traditional crafts for centuries.
Identifying Osier
Osier willows are recognized by their distinctive physical attributes. They grow as multi-stemmed shrubs or small trees, reaching heights up to 7 meters. Their most notable feature is their long, slender, and highly flexible stems, which are often brightly colored, exhibiting shades of yellow-green, red, or purple, especially during the dormant winter months. Osier leaves are characteristically long and narrow, often described as slim-lanceolate, measuring up to 25 cm in length and approximately 0.5-2 cm wide. They are dark green on the upper surface and have a silvery, felt-like covering of hairs on their underside, with edges that may appear slightly rolled inwards.
Growing Osier
Cultivating osier willows requires suitable environmental conditions. They thrive in moist, well-drained soils, often found naturally in damp areas like riverbanks, fens, and ditches. While tolerant of moisture, consistently waterlogged conditions can be detrimental if drainage is poor. Osier requires ample sunlight, performing best in full sun, though it can tolerate partial shade.
Osier is planted using cuttings, which root readily and establish quickly. Hardwood cuttings, 12-inch lengths, are inserted directly into the soil during the dormant season, from late fall to early spring. Prepare the planting site by suppressing weeds, ensuring about 8-9 inches of the cutting are buried, with at least one bud exposed above ground. Once established, basic maintenance includes regular watering to keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods, and pruning in late winter or early spring to encourage new stem production.
Practical Applications
Osier willows are valued for their pliable stems, used in a wide range of practical applications. Historically, their primary use has been in basketry and wickerwork, with flexible, durable shoots ideal for weaving. This tradition continues today, with osier remaining a preferred material for crafting woven products.
Beyond traditional crafts, osier is increasingly used in modern applications. Its strong, fibrous root system makes it effective for erosion control, particularly along streambanks and in wetlands, where it stabilizes soil. Osier is also employed in bioengineering projects due to its ability to absorb heavy metals, useful in phytoremediation to clean up contaminated soil and wastewater. Its rapid growth rate also makes it suitable for creating living fences, willow screens, and for biomass production as a renewable energy source.