In cancer care, hearing the phrase “No Evidence of Disease” or “NED” represents a significant milestone. This term indicates a positive outcome following treatment, offering hope and progress. It signifies that current diagnostic methods cannot detect active cancer within the body.
Defining No Evidence of Disease
“No Evidence of Disease” (NED) is a medical term meaning that diagnostic tests, including imaging scans, blood tests, and physical examinations, do not reveal any detectable cancer. While signs and symptoms are no longer present, this does not guarantee the complete absence of all cancer cells. Microscopic cancer cells may still exist at levels too small for current detection methods, which could potentially lead to a recurrence.
Distinguishing NED from a Cure
The medical community uses “No Evidence of Disease” (NED) rather than “cured” because a definitive cure, meaning the cancer will never return, is rarely guaranteed. While NED indicates that all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared based on current tests, it acknowledges the possibility of microscopic, undetectable cancer cells remaining. The concept of remission is closely related to NED; it often falls under complete remission, where all signs and symptoms of cancer have gone away, and there is no detectable cancer. If a person remains in complete remission for at least five years, some doctors may begin to use the term “cured,” though this still does not rule out the possibility of a late recurrence.
How NED Status is Determined
Achieving NED status relies on diagnostic methods tailored to the specific type of cancer. Imaging scans such as CT, MRI, and PET scans are frequently used to visualize internal structures and detect tumors or abnormalities. Blood tests may be performed to check for tumor markers, which are substances indicating the presence of cancer cells. Physical examinations are also conducted to assess overall health and identify any palpable signs of disease. The specific combination of tests and their frequency depend on the cancer type and individual patient factors.
Living with NED
Achieving NED is a significant milestone for cancer patients, but it often marks the beginning of a new phase involving ongoing medical oversight. Regular follow-up appointments and surveillance are important to monitor for any signs of recurrence. These appointments may include periodic imaging scans, blood tests, or physical examinations, with the frequency determined by the type of cancer and individual risk factors. While many people experience relief and hope upon reaching NED, some may also face new concerns, including anxiety about recurrence. Coping with these emotions and adjusting to a new normal can take time, and support from healthcare providers, family, and support groups can be beneficial.