Mushroom tea is a beverage created through the hot water extraction of specific fungi, often referred to as functional or medicinal mushrooms. This preparation method draws out the mushrooms’ bioactive compounds, which are often unavailable when eating the raw fungi. While recently popular in Western wellness, consuming these mushrooms in liquid form has a long history, particularly within traditional medicine systems like Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Common Functional Mushrooms in Tea
The benefits of mushroom tea depend entirely on the specific fungal species used. Four varieties are most commonly sought after for their distinct health-supporting properties. These mushrooms are typically consumed as a powder or extract mixed into hot water.
- Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) is prized for its historical use in promoting longevity and a sense of calm.
- Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) is often utilized for its high concentration of antioxidant compounds.
- Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) is distinguished by its potential to support brain health and is valued for its unique neurological effects.
- Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor) is known primarily for its ability to support the immune system.
Immune Modulation and Stress Adaptation
The systemic benefits of functional mushroom tea largely stem from two classes of compounds: beta-glucans and triterpenoids. Beta-glucans are complex polysaccharides found within the cell walls of the fungi, and they are recognized for their immunomodulatory capabilities. These compounds do not simply “boost” the immune system, but rather help to balance its response by interacting with immune cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells. This interaction supports the immune system’s preparedness and function.
Many functional mushrooms, including Reishi and Chaga, also contain triterpenoids, which possess anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic properties. Adaptogens help the body resist the damaging effects of physical and mental stress by supporting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which manages the body’s stress response. By helping to modulate the body’s reaction to stress, these compounds contribute to overall systemic stability and a calmer state.
Support for Cognitive and Neurological Health
Specific mushrooms, particularly Lion’s Mane, are associated with benefits for the brain, focus, and nerve health. This effect is attributed to two groups of diterpenoid compounds: hericenones and erinacines. Hericenones are found mainly in the mushroom’s fruiting body, while erinacines are concentrated in the mycelium, which is the root-like structure of the fungus.
These molecules are believed to stimulate the synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), a protein that plays a significant role in the growth, maintenance, and survival of neurons. Erinacine A is of particular interest because it is thought to be small enough to cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to directly influence brain cells. By supporting NGF production, Lion’s Mane tea may help enhance cognitive function and promote the health of the nervous system. Studies have suggested that continuous intake may improve cognitive test scores in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
Preparing Tea and Safety Considerations
Preparing Tea
Mushroom tea is commonly prepared using powdered extracts or dried slices of the functional fungi. To ensure the extraction of beneficial compounds like polysaccharides, which are water-soluble, simmering the mushrooms in hot water for an extended time, known as a decoction, is often recommended over simple steeping. Using a high-quality powdered extract is a practical alternative that allows for easier incorporation into hot water.
Safety Considerations
While functional mushrooms are generally considered safe, several precautions are necessary due to their bioactive nature. Individuals taking specific medications, such as blood thinners (anticoagulants), antidiabetics, or immunosuppressants, should consult a healthcare provider before consumption. Compounds in some mushrooms, including Lion’s Mane, can slow blood clotting or affect blood sugar levels, potentially interfering with these medications. Mushrooms are also known bioaccumulators, meaning they can absorb heavy metals like lead and cadmium from their growing environment. Consumers should source products from companies that provide third-party testing to ensure quality control and screen for these contaminants. Additionally, due to limited research on their effects, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding are generally advised to avoid or use caution when consuming mushroom tea.