Hydrangea root, derived from the shrub Hydrangea arborescens, is a traditional herbal remedy native to North America. Often called Wild Hydrangea or Seven Barks, the medicinal preparation uses the plant’s root and underground stem (rhizome). This botanical product has a long history of use in Indigenous medicine, primarily among Native American tribes. Its historical application centers on supporting the body’s natural processes, particularly those related to the urinary system.
Traditional Uses for Urinary System Support
For centuries, Native American groups, such as the Cherokee, employed Wild Hydrangea root to address various issues concerning the kidney and bladder. The primary traditional application is its purported effect as a diuretic, meaning it was believed to promote increased urine flow through the kidneys. This action was thought to assist the body in flushing out the urinary tract.
The root gained a reputation as an anti-lithic agent in traditional herbalism. This term refers to a substance believed to help dissolve or prevent the formation of urinary calculi (kidney or bladder stones). Practitioners historically used the root in decoctions or teas to reduce the tendency for stones to grow larger, making them easier to pass. It was also traditionally utilized to soothe irritation associated with conditions like cystitis and urethritis, which involve inflammation of the bladder and urethra.
These applications are primarily rooted in traditional and anecdotal evidence. While a long history of use exists in folk medicine, modern clinical trials in human populations are limited. Therefore, the efficacy of hydrangea root for supporting the urinary system has not been robustly confirmed by contemporary medical science.
Active Chemical Constituents
The traditional actions of the root are attributed to a complex mixture of compounds within the plant material. Among the most recognized chemical components is the glycoside hydrangin, which is thought to contribute to the plant’s biological effects. The root also contains saponins, a class of compounds often associated with diuretic activity, potentially by stimulating the kidneys.
Chemical analysis reveals the presence of flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, which are well-known plant-based antioxidants. These compounds may contribute to the root’s mild anti-inflammatory effects, providing a soothing action on the urinary tract lining. Additionally, the root contains coumarin derivatives like skimmin, which have been observed in animal studies to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The synergistic effect of these constituents is believed to underpin the root’s traditional use.
Forms, Dosage, and Safety Considerations
Hydrangea root is commercially available in several forms, including dried root for brewing as a tea or decoction, encapsulated powdered root, and liquid extracts or tinctures. When preparing a tea, the traditional method involves simmering the dried root in water. Manufacturers’ guidelines for dosage should be followed, as no single, scientifically standardized dose is established due to a lack of human clinical trials.
The use of this herbal remedy requires caution, particularly regarding dosage, as high amounts can be unsafe. Doses exceeding approximately 2 grams of the dried root or extract at a single time have been linked to toxicity symptoms. Adverse effects can include gastrointestinal upset (such as nausea and vomiting), dizziness, and a sensation of chest tightness.
The root contains cyanogenic glycosides, which release small amounts of hydrogen cyanide when metabolized, contributing to the toxicity risk at high concentrations. Individuals taking prescription diuretics should exercise caution, as the root’s purported diuretic action may interact with these medications. There is also a moderate interaction risk with Lithium, as increased fluid excretion could affect how the body processes the drug. Due to insufficient safety data, use of the root is advised against for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals.